Types of migration

Basic approaches in World Economy researches

Approach	Terminology	The essence of an approach
Integrative approach to economics as a system of scientific knowledge (named by the scale of the object researches)	Maxieconomics Megaeconomics International economics	The subject of studying WE in this approach is the whole world processes; the processes are placed at the supranational level
«Х»- centric approach «Х»- oriented approach	World-system One-polar (Multi-polar) world, City-centric model of WE, The space of flows (communications) International economics	«Х»- element of WE is in the center of this WE model
Marketing approach	New economics	Glocalization is the main characteristic («global»+ «local»)
Paradigmatic approach	Space economy Geoeconomic approach	Comprehension of WE as an equal economical space. Economic dimension of globality
Hierarchical approach	World Economy system - WES, (NES, RES)	System is closed by the administrational borders (is situated within the administrational borders)
Characteristic approach	Global economy	Comprehension of the scale of international links, the process of increasing of this scale
Terminological approach	World activities	Complex of NE
Civilizational approach	World Civilization	Development of Civilizations
Systemic approach	WE as a system	Complex economic system

Аppendix 2

Geoeconomic paradigm of modern world (Economic Borders)

    First level: The Westphalian (international) system of the world segmentation (a geopolitical model); The modern (interenclave) system of the world segmentation (a geoeconomic model). Mobile geoeconomic borders. Vertical: Politico – administrative (state) borders Second level: The borders of national interests being protected by the military component 5 The national closed (autarkic) system 5a The national open system of I type (“system country”, facing “inwards”) 4a The national open system of II type (“system country”, facing “outwards”)

Аppendix 3

Types	Essense
Internal	Its causes are looking for work, better housing, improving and changing lifestyles, etc. The internal migration is particularly prevalent in countries with vast territory, diverse climatic and economic conditions. In countries with vast territory seasonal labor migration occupies an important place, i.e. temporary movement of labor into the countryside to perform seasonal agricultural work and the temporary seasonal movement into the city from the countrysid
External/ international	The main cause of international migration is economic one: the difference in wage levels which can be obtained for the same work in different countries. Lack of specialists in particular professional areas in certain regions increases the salary for these professions and, consequently, stimulates the flow of migrants
Push-pull (маятниковая)	It's the name of regular (usually – daily) visits of people from one locality into another for working or studying and back. Push-pull migration is a result of the mismatch distribution of production and human settlement. Especially it is developed in suburban areas of large cities, urban agglomerations and megalopolises. It occurs in societies where the access to modern means of transportation allows people to live away from their place of work
Existential	Migrants leave their homes solely from the desire to live in a foreign country. The purpose of this migration is essentially the knowledge of certain aspects of human existence that cannot be known by other ways. The causes may be: the desire to more fully realize somebody’s potential, the desire for freedom and independence, openness to new experience, the perception of otherness as an incentive to expand consciousness
Ecological	It is connected with natural disasters
Intellectual migration.	It covers the scientific staff and forms the international and home markets of scientific labor. Besides, for the past few years the flow of students and post-graduate students enrolled in institutions of higher education abroad has dramatically increased. The world market of highly intellectual labor makes the demand in the elite of scientists who have already achieved significant results and promising talented young people who is a smart reserve for the future scientific investigations. Accordingly, the structure of emigration responds to this demand

End аppendix 3

Nomads and nomadism Pilgrimage	Nomands are temporarily or permanently nomadic people with no fixed abode. Livelihoods of nomands can be received from various sources: nomadic pastoralism, trade, crafts, fishing, hunting and the arts (music, theatre) wage labor or even robbery or military conquests. In today’s world due to significant changes in the economy and society the term “neo-nomads” has appeared, i.e. modern successful people who lead a nomadic or semi-nomadic life. By occupation many of them are programmers, salespeople, managers, scientists, athletes, actors, freelancers, etc.
Forced	In general, the forced migration can serve as a means of social control of authoritarian regimes, while the voluntary migration is a means of social adaptation and the reason for the growth of urban population
Inverse	It’s in somebody’s own initiative or the initiative of the state. For example, Israel’s program of repatriation

(The others: 1. Emigration for permanent residence on different causes. 2. Temporary (return). 3. Long-term (UN, Russia > 6 months). 4. Episodic – from time to time. 5. Border/transit).

Appendix 4

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