Kingsley, Charles (1819-1875)

Lear, Edward (1812-1888).

Rossetti, Christina Georgina (1830-1894).

English lyric poet, born in London. Although some of her earliest verse was published in the Germ (1850), a Pre-Raphaelite journal, and she sat as a model for a number of paintings by her brother Dante Gabriel Rossetti and other Pre-Raphaelites, she was not a member of the movement.

Much of Rossetti's work was religious in nature; the themes of renunciation of earthly love and concern with death shadow such favorite poems as “When I am dead, my dearest” and “Up-Hill.” Other poems, such as “A Birthday,” are earthy, romantic, and sensuous. Rossetti's work encompasses a wide range of styles and forms. Her ballads, sonnets, love lyrics, and nonsense rhymes are all clearly products of an accomplished mind.

A devout Anglican, Rossetti spent the last 15 years of her life as a recluse. At the same time, however, Rossetti wrote delightful verse for children, such as the charming lyrics in Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme Book (1872). The most important collections of her work are Goblin Market and Other Poems (1862), considered her finest poetry, and The Prince's Progress and Other Poems (1866).

12.4. Возникновение детской литературы. Фольклорные традиции в произведениях для детей. Эдвард Лир и Льюис Кэрролл. Проблема перевода детских произведений на другие языки.

English painter and humorist, born in London. The excellence of his early drawings of birds brought him to the attention of the London Zoological Society, for which he illustrated The Family of the Psittacidae (1832); these illustrations are considered among the most precise and vivid of all ornithological drawings. He traveled (1837-1847) throughout Europe and the Near East, recording his travels in the Illustrated Journals of a Landscape Painter.

Lear's acutely observant travel books have been overshadowed by the popularity of his light verse, such as the famous poem “The Owl and the Pussycat.” Considered among the masters of the limerick, to which he gave the modern formula and metrical cadence, he wrote A Book of Nonsense (1846), Nonsense Songs (1871), and Laughable Lyrics (1877).

English novelist and clergyman, educated at King's College (later part of the University of London) and the University of Cambridge. In 1842 he became an Anglican priest. From 1860 to 1869 he taught modern history at Cambridge. Liberal in his views, Kingsley was a leader in Christian socialism and Chartism. Kingsley's interest in history spilled over into his writings, which include several historical novels, of which the best known are Hypatia and Westward Ho!

He was sympathetic to the idea of evolution, and was one of the first to praise Darwin's On the Origin of Species. He had been sent an advance review copy and in his response four days before the book went on sale stated that he had "long since, from watching the crossing of domesticated animals and plants, learnt to disbelieve the dogma of the permanence of species." Darwin added an edited version of Kingsley's closing remarks to the next edition of his book, stating that "A celebrated author and divine has written to me that 'he has gradually learnt to see that it is just as noble a conception of the Deity to believe that He created a few original forms capable of self-development into other and needful forms, as to believe that He required a fresh act of creation to supply the voids caused by the action of His laws'."

Kingsley's concern for social reform is illustrated in his great classic, The Water-Babies, a kind of fairytale about a boy chimney-sweep, which retained its popularity.

Kingsley's novels display his sympathy with the economically and politically oppressed classes of the England of his day. He is most widely known, however, for his romantic novels set in foreign lands or in earlier times.

Дата добавления: 2014-01-06