Affixation

Definition and types

Lecture 7. Word-formation

Derivative structure of words

Morphemic types of words

According to the number of morphemes words are classified into monomorphic and polymorphic.

Momnomorphic or root-words consist of only one root-morpheme.

Polymorphic words consist of root and non-root morphemes. According to the number of root-morphemes all polymorphic words are divided into two groups: monoradical or one-root words and polyradical words which consist of two or more roots.

According to the type of affixes monoradical words fall into three subtypes: radical-suffixal, radical-prefixal and prefixo-radical-suffixal words.

Radical-suffixal words consist of one root-morpheme and one or more suffixal morphemes.

Radical-prefixal words consist of one root-morpheme and a prefixal morpheme.

Prefixo-radical-suffixal words consist of one root-morpheme and prefixal and suffixal morphemes.

Polyradical words fall into two types: (1) polyradical words of two or more roots with no affixal morphemes and (2) polyradical words containing at least two roots and one or more affixal morphemes.

The nature, type and arrangement of the IC of the word is known as its derivational structure.

The basic elementary units of the derivative structure of words are: derivational bases, derivational affixes and derivational patterns.

Derivational analysis is aimed at establishing the derivative types of words, the interrelation between them and at finding out how different types of derivatives are constructed.

According to their derivational structure all words fall into two classes: simplexes or simple, non-derived words, and complexes or derivatives.

Simplexes are words which derivationally cannot be segmented into ICs.

Complexes are secondary motivated words, made up of two or more ICs.

According to the type of the underlying derivational pattern complexes are classified into affixal words, compound words, conversions and shortenings or abbreviations.

Word-formation is the system of derivative types of words and the process of creating new words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns.

The basic types of word-formation are affixation, composition, conversion and abbreviation or shortening.

Affixation is defined as the formation of words by adding derivational affixes to different types of bases. According to the division of derivational affixes into suffixes and prefixes affixation is subdivided into suffixation and prefixation.

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