AKAPs known to associate with AC isoforms are indicated. For simplicity, not all forms of regulation are shown.
General patterns of regulation are shown for individual isoforms and, where appropriate, closely related ACs. Broken lines indicate modes of regulation that differ between grouped isoforms.
CAM, calmodulin; CNG, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; Gs, heterotrimeric Gαs βγ; PAM, protein activator of myc; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; RGS, regulator of G protein signaling.
A, AKAP79 coordinates different protein combinations to tailor effector regulation in different tissues. Anchored PKA can phosphorylate and inhibit bound AC5/6 and desensitize anchored βAR, in addition to regulation of associated downstream effectors.
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