Dnipropetrovsk

Lecture

Discipline

LECTURE NOTES

DNIPROPETROVS’K ALFRED NOBEL UNIVERSITY

“Information Systems and Technologies in International Economy”

“TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM”

Lecturer N.O. Rizun

CONTENTS

1.... Transaction Processing System (TPS)/Data Processing System.. 4

2.... Management Information Systems. 7

3.... Executive Support System.. 11

4.... Decision Support System.. 15

5.... Expert System.. 23

6.... Office Automation System.. 30

For most businesses, there are a variety of requirements for information.

Senior managers need information to help with their business planning.

Middle management need more detailed information to help them monitor and control business activities.

Employees with operational roles need information to help them carry out their duties.

As a result, businesses tend to have several "information systems" operating at the same time.

The main kinds of information systems in business are described briefly below:

Information System	Description
Management Information Systems MIS	A management information system is mainly concerned with internal sources of information. MIS usually take data from the transaction processing systems (see below) and summarise it into a series of management reports. MIS reports tend to be used by middle management and operational supervisors.
Executive Support Systems ESS	An ESS is designed to help senior management make strategic decisions. It gathers, analyses and summarises the key internal and external information used in the business. A good way to think about an ESS is to imagine the senior management team in an aircraft cockpit - with the instrument panel showing them the status of all the key business activities. ESS typically involve lots of data analysis and modelling tools such as "what-if" analysis to help strategic decision-making.
Decision-Support Systems DSS	Decision-support systems are specifically designed to help management make decisions in situations where there is uncertainty about the possible outcomes of those decisions. DSS comprise tools and techniques to help gather relevant information and analyse the options and alternatives. DSS often involves use of complex spreadsheet and databases to create "what-if" models.
Knowledge Management Systems KMS	Knowledge Management Systems exist to help businesses create and share information. These are typically used in a business where employees create new knowledge and expertise - which can then be shared by other people in the organisation to create further commercial opportunities. Good examples include firms of lawyers, accountants and management consultants. KMS are built around systems which allow efficient categorisation and distribution of knowledge. For example, the knowledge itself might be contained in word processing documents, spreadsheets, PowerPoint presentations. internet pages or whatever. To share the knowledge, a KMS would use group collaboration systems such as an intranet.
Transaction Processing Systems TPS	As the name implies, Transaction Processing Systems are designed to process routine transactions efficiently and accurately. A business will have several (sometimes many) TPS; for example: - Billing systems to send invoices to customers - Systems to calculate the weekly and monthly payroll and tax payments - Production and purchasing systems to calculate raw material requirements - Stock control systems to process all movements into, within and out of the business
Office Automation Systems (OАS)	Office Automation Systems are systems that try to improve the productivity of employees who need to process data and information. Perhaps the best example is the wide range of software systems that exist to improve the productivity of employees working in an office (e.g. Microsoft Office XP) or systems that allow employees to work from home or whilst on the move. Examples ERP applications for the company

Here we describe the following types of computer based information systems, corresponding to the three management layers and their requirements.

Organizational Information System
Transaction Processing System	(IPS)	Lower Level
Management Information System	(MIS)	Middle Level
Decisions Support System	(DSS)	Top Level
Executive Information System	(EIS)
Office Automation System	(OIS)	All Levels of Management
Expert System	(ES)

Дата добавления: 2014-01-11