Step IX. Summing up and follow-up activities

How to organize LC of a text presented by a teacher or a tape recorder in steps.

Step I. Introductory talk with the aim to prepare pupils for comprehension of a text by the ear;

Step II. Prediction. Aim –to prepare students for listening, focusing on the situation and encouraging students to predict:

a) working at the title of a text;

b) removing the language difficulties of the text (phonetic, lexical, grammatical).

Step III. Setting an aim for primary comprehension of the text.

Step IV. Primary presentation of the audiotext to the pupils with the help of visual props (pictures, adequate to the content of the text) or verbal props (key-words, word combinations, phrases).

Step V. Checking up understanding of the general content of the text.

Step VI. Setting an aim for the second presentation of the text;

Step VII. The second presentation of the text/gist listening (for specific information) – to understand the text in depth – the words, details, structures ( with the help of verbal (graphic) props);

Step VIII. Checking up understanding of the details of the text

In accordance with the classification of ex-ses accepted in Methods of FLT, ex-ses in teaching listening comprehension may be grouped into:

· language (preparatory) ex-ses;

· speech ex-ses.

To language ex-ses we can refer phonetic ex-ses aimed at perceiving separate words on the flow of speech by the year, separate comprehending phrases and understanding their rhythmic and intonation pattern, types of sentences.

The requirements to the speech ex-ses for T.LC are as follows:

1. they should provide proper drill in LC with the regard of its psychological and linguistic nature as a language activity (limited time of comprehension, tempo of speech), peculiarities of different language activities (dialogue, monologue);

2. they should be of training character, i.e. they should help learners to overcome grammatical, lexical and structural difficulties of LC not in isolation, as it takes place in language ex-ses, but in connected speech;

3. they should provide the formation of auding skills step by step in accordance with the level of pupils’ command of the target language, the character of the text etc.

4. ex-ses in comprehension of a definite language form (lexical, grammatical, phonetical material of an audiotext).

Such ex-ses should provide intuitive comprehension of language material, which can be made possible if: a) well-set auditory images of language phenomena are created;

b) long-term and short-term auditory memory is developed; c) inner speech in the target tongue has a developed, i.e. broken character.

Stages of formation of Listening Comprehension:

Stage One – preparatory ex-ses. Aim – to remove linguistic and psychological difficulties before the presentation of an audiotext, so that the listener could concentrate his attention on comprehending the content.

For example:

· listen to a pair of words and say what sounds are the same in them;

· try to recognize a new word among the familiar ones (clap your hands…);

· name nouns which are most often used with the following adjective.

· Define the function of a word (is it a verb, noun or adj).

Stage Two – speech ex-ses. Aim: to develop skills of comprehension of speech under conditions similar to natural ones. These ex-se teach pupils to divide an audiotext into parts, to state the main idea of a text, to extract new information from the text. speech ex-ses are subdivided into ex-ses in auding a) a dialogue and

b) a monologue.

Ways of checking up understanding

You can control LC:

a) orally and in writing;

b) in the mother tongue or in the target language if the pupils’ level of mastering the target language is enough to convey the information;

c) extralinguistic and linguistic ways - draw, underline, perform an action. Pupils are supposed to know the requirements to auding a particular text (e.g. the number of details).

· Multiple choice tests (choose the correct answer out of 3-4);

· Fill in the blanks in the graphic variant;

· Answer the questions;

· Choose a suitable picture;

· A discussion in the mother tongue;

· Underline the correct answer (or raise your hand when…);

· Make up an outline of the story;

· Perform an action;

· Retell the text according to the plan/ key-words;

· Put the pictures in the logical order, described in the story;

· Colour the picture according to the content of the text;

· Draw a picture of…

Lecture 10

Дата добавления: 2014-01-11