Strong Weak

Sg Pl

In ME and ENE

I. General survey of grammar changes in ME and ENE

II. The Noun

2.1. Morphological classification

2.2. Grammatical categories

III. The Adjective

IV. The Pronoun

4.1. Personal and possessive pronouns

4.2. Demonstrative pronouns

4.3. Other classes of pronouns

V. The development of the article

1. Declinable parts of speech
2. Auxiliary
3. “Indeterminate vowel”
4. -a-stems, -ō-stems and -n-stems
5. Minor declensions:

-i-stems, -u-stems, root-stems, etc

1. {-es} in the Nom/Acc Pl
2. Dore / dores (a neuter noun)
3. Sg Pl

Nom/Acc man / foot men / feet

1. The ending of OE masc. -a-stems {-(e)s} in the Pl
2. Sg Pl

Nom/Dat/Acc man / foot men / feet

Gen mannes mennes

footes /o:/ feetes /e:/

1. Neuter long-stemmed -a-nouns
2. {-(e)s}

hors hors / horses

dēōr dēōr / deores

swīn swīn / swīnes

1. OE scēāp, dēōr, swīn à ModE sheep, deer, swine
2. {-s} or {-es}
3. {-en}
4. {-s}
5. {-(e)s}
6. Masculine -a-stems
7. {-s}
8. oxen, children, brethren
9. Superseded
10. Animate and inanimate
11. Syncretism
12. {-(e)s}
13. {-en} à {-es}

ME Sg horse, eye Pl horses/horsen; eyes/eyen

NE Sg horse, eye Pl horses; eyes

Sg yong/good yong e /good e

Nom/Gen

Dat/Acc Pl yong e /good e yong e /good e

1. {-e} à /ə/
2. ME long – longer – longest /

long – lenger – lengest

1. {-ra} à {-er} (/-ra/ à /-ər/)

{-ost} à {-est} (/-ost/ à /ıst/)

1. More beautiful
2. Juxtaposition = контактное расположение
3. Him / her / [t]hem
4. Hit à it (Dat. case: him)
5. Hēō à he, ho (feminine)
6. He /he:/
7. Sche à she /e:/
8. Sēō (demonstrative)
9. They / their / them
10. Hi (he), here, hem
11. Hi à the Scand. form þei (ON þeir)
12. Their, them
13. Geoffrey Chaucer
14. Thei, here, hem

Nom she /e:/

Obj here /'herə/

LME

Nom they /Өei/

Obj hem /hem/ à them /Өem/

1. You, ye, your, yours (used in talking to more than one, Pl)
2. Thou /Өu:/, thee /Өe:/, thy /Өi:/, thine /Өi:n/ (used in talking to one person, Sg)
3. You
4. Ye
5. Difference b/n thou and you (16^th c.)
6. My / myne; your(e) / yours
7. {-n}
8. Objective
9. Sē, sēō, þæt
10. The and that
11. þēs, þēōs, þis (this)
12. Those and these
13. Interrogative:

who /ɔ:/ (Nom) à NE who

OE hwā à ME

Whom (Obj) à NE whom

1. The Genitive case of hwæt (hwæs) developed into a separate interrogative pronoun: ME/NE whose

1. The Instrumental case hwī / hwӯ à ModE why
2. Sē
3. Sē man, þæt land
4. ān (one)
5. One (ān /a:/ à one /ɔ:/ à one /o:/ à /u:/ à one /u/ à one /∧/)
6. An / a

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