Introduction

LECTURE 1 – BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELT METHODOLOGY:

Aims & objectives:

· To introduce the aims of the course, the place of the course in the curriculum, and key concepts of ELT;

· Students should be able to identify definitions and make a list of ELT topics they will study in this course.

Key terms:

Discipline, course, approach, method, technique, ELT

Brief summary:

· Introduction to the course objectives and ELT-related topics and questions

This course should involve following topics (with students’ contribution) to prepare candidates for teaching English:

Different methods of teaching

Theoretical and practical considerations of TEFL

Some useful teaching tips

Planning (a lesson, an ELT course,..)

Techniques to deal with disruptive student behaviour

Motivational aspects of ELT

Use of ELT materials

Use of technology in ELT

Evaluation and selection of ELT materials

Characteristics of good language teachers/learners

How to teach learning

How to teach four skills; reading, writing, listening, speaking

How to teach supplementary skills; grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation

Assessment techniques

Developing teaching skills

Strategies of professional development

· Description of basic ELT terms:

Curriculum, Syllabus,

Course, Textbook, Materials, Audiovisual,

Four Skills of Language Learning

Approach, method, technique

Behavioristic Approaches to Learning

The Audiolingual Method

ELT: English Language Teaching

ESP: English for Specific Purposes

ESL: English as a Second Language, EFL: English as a Foreign Language

TEFL: Teaching English as a Foreign Language

TESOL: Teaching English to the Speakers of Other Languages

CALL: Computer Assisted Language Learning

ICT: Information Communication Technologies

TPR: Total Physical Response

L1 – L2: First Language-Second Language

Questions:

· What are the objectives of a contemporary TEFL methodology course?

· What are your personal interests in TEFL? Why did you choose to be a foreign language teacher? What kind of teacher would you like to be?

· How is ‘a technique, a method and an approach’ described in language teaching? Give examples for each of them.

Conclusion: The stages of development in FLT methodology have been summarized by the SU scholars mainly as follows:

· Towards the end of the 18^th and the beginning of the 19^th century “grammar-translation” and “text-based translation” methods (P. Glieder, G. Langenscheicht) based on comparative-contrastive linguistics and associationist psychology

· Reform movement

· Natural Method (F. Gouin, M. Berlitz, M. Voltaire)

· Direct Method (H. Sweet, V. Vietor)

· Oral Method (H. Palmer)

· ALM (G. Frees, R. Lado, H. Brooks)

· Audio-visual Method (R. Guberina, P. Rivan, R. Michael)

· M. West’s method

· Mixed method (P. Humboldt, F. Klose, etc)

· Cognitive comparative method (И.А. Грузинская, З.М. Цветкова А. А. Миролюбов, В.С. Цетлин, etc.)

· Active Methods of FLT (Э.П. Шубин, И.Н. Горелов, etc.)

· Communicative Method (Е. И. Пассаов, etc.)

· Communicative speech act (И.Л. Бим, etc.)

However, a more global approach that includes the contemporary methods of foreign language teaching (ELT/TESOL) in Europe and North America will be covered in this course.

Recommended reading:

Richards, Jack C. and Rodgers, Theodore S. 1982. “Method: Approach, design and procedure.” TESOL Quarterly 16: 153-68

Richards, Jack C. and Rodgers, Theodore S. 2001 (2^nd edition) Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.1-19

Supplementary materials:

(Handouts _+_ Visuals___ PPT presentations___ Videos____)

LECTURE 2 – CRITICAL-HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 1:

METHODS OF FLT/ELT UNTIL EARLY 20^TH CENTURY (Before WW II)

Aims & objectives:

· To introduce classical methods of foreign language teaching; grammar-translation method

· Students should be able to summarize the features of the grammar-translation method

· Students should be able to tell the class why GT would not be a good choice of FLT nowadays.

Key terms:

Inductive vs deductive approaches to teaching grammar

Brief summary:

· The Grammar-Translation Method (19^th Century)

The grammar translation method was the prominent teaching method in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: With “a focus on grammatical rules, memorization of vocabulary … translations of texts and doing written exercise,” (Brown, 2000:15) it provided a means for scholarly instruction and reading proficiency, but scant time for oral practice. Students learned ‘about’ the language but not how ‘use’ it. Prator and Celce-Murcia (1979) in Brown, (2000: 15) outline the main features of the method:

- Teacher uses FL a large majority of the time giving minimal reference to target language.

- Vocabulary is taught in lists and out of context.

- Complexities of grammar are explicated in long detail.

- Form and inflection are the focal point of grammar instruction and correct sentences are created by

following grammatical rules.

- High level of reading material is introduced early.

- Text reading is used for grammatical analysis and content is considered secondary.

- Drills consist of translating sentences taken out of context.

- Little if any pronunciation practice.

Questions:

· In which method of foreign language teaching does the teacher ask students in their first language (ie Russian) if they have any questions, and if a student asks a question, the teacher answers it in Russian? (For example, students learn that English ‘-ion’ corresponds to '-ция’ in Russian)

· In which method of foreign language teaching is the ability to communicate in the target language not a goal of language instruction?

· What are the goals for learning a foreign language according to the Grammar Translation Method?

· How is the Grammar Translation Method criticized? Write your answer in no more than three statements.

Conclusion:

Despite its persistent worldwide popularity, Richards and Rodgers (1986) in Brown (2000: 16) point out “it has no advocates…there is no literature that offers a rationale or justification for it…” Of all the methods used in the classroom, this one bears the least resemblance to learning a foreign language.

Recommended reading:

Brown, H. D. (2000) Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. White Plains: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4^th ed. p.15

Prator, C.H. and Celce-Murcia, M. (1979) An Outline of Language Teaching Approaches.

In Celce-Murcia, M. and McIntosh, L. (Ed.), Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language. New York: Newbury House.

Supplementary materials:

(Handouts ___ Visuals___ PPT presentations_+_ Videos____)

Дата добавления: 2014-01-11