Pre-dictionary translation

Types of Translation

LECTURE 9

Editing the translated text.

Formulating the translated text.

Formulation is a stage of the translation process in which the translator chooses the lexis and structures that would make meaningful sentences functioning in a narrow co-text

as elements of a well structured text. It is the stage during which the translated text gradually takes form.

Three aspects of the formulation of the translated text can be studied and evaluated in the light of the acceptable use in the TL. There are: collection, semantic field, and sentence and text grammar, as they are realized and accepted in the TL.

This is the final stage in the translation process. The editing of the formulation takes the form of a careful checking of possible slips of the tongue or other inaccuracies. It also involves a comparison between the translation product on the one hand and the prevailing linguistic features and cultural norms in the text type in the TL on the other.

Main points:

1. Pre-dictionary translation.

2. Formulation translation.

3. Instantaneous translation.

4. Specific skills required for interpreting “by ear” (at viva voce).

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If all translations are taken into account, three kinds of translation can be recognized:

· Pre-dictionary translation;

· Formulation translation;

· Instantaneous translation. (Omar Sheik Al-Shabab. London. 1996.)

Pre-dictionary translation. Each kinds of translation places emphasis on a certain linguistic process.

This kind of translation lurks in every translation. It is the study of translation before the existence of any bilingual dictionary. The case for studying pre-dictionary translation is generally not recognized at all. But if one recognizes that the “first translator” of any term or text translates with no reference to a dictionary or previously obtained “translation” but by word of mouth or books then it will be easy to see that every translation is at one point a pre-dictionary translation. Pre-dictionary translation is best illustrated in classical texts and masterpieces which have been translated over and over again.

2. Formulation translation. (загальновживаний)

It is a kind of translation in which the translator bypasses pre-dictionary translation and resorts to conventions and ready modes of (pre-dictionary) translation which have been accepted.

The content, topics, lexical items, phraseology and collocations used in formulation translation are, in general, accepted as part and parcel of the TL.

Formulation translation is best exemplified by the media newspapers, radio and television - in which international affairs are discussed in translated text daily, with no reference to translation or translators.

Examples of formulation translation are:

· Media language, written or spoken;

· Commercial and business affairs and correspondence;

· Various document and certificates;

· Political meetings.

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