Semantic Structure of the Word and Its Changes

Lecture 3

Caerleon

Chester

The Fosse Way

Ermine Street

Watling Street

To romanise

Gnaius Julius Agricola

Caledonia

Colchester

Claudius

Archimedes

Iron-tipped plough

Cement

Clay

Gaul

to cast (=to shape hot liquid metal, etc. by pouring it into a hollow container (called a mould [məuld])

a pattern

a vessel

a sail

an oar

an oarsman

lime

volcanic ash

mortar

to plough [plau]

Syracuse

the screw, the pulley, and the lever

the Gauls

Julius Caesar

'Britain' <- " Pretani "

Britons

to pay tribute

to conquer [‘koŋkə]

conquest [‘koŋkwest]

a conqueror [‘koŋkərə]

an emperor

troops

a full-scale invasion

fierce resistance

the weapon [‘w e pən]

weaponry

body armour

to subdue smb

to set up a camp

to fight (fought-fought) against smb

a tribal king

to submit to smb

the River Trent

a province (senatorial \imperial)

the River Humber

the River Forth

"Bratannia Superior"

"Britannia Inferior"

York

Cirencester

Lincoln

the Antonine Wall

Hadrian's Wall

gladiatorial combat

the Picts

the River Tyne

the River Solway

SeptimiusSeverus

illiterate

Christianity

Constantine III

the emperor Honorius

Plan:

1. Semantics / semasiology. Different approaches to word-meaning.

2. Types of word-meaning.

3. Polysemy. Semantic structure of words. Meaning and context.

4. Change of word-meaning: the causes, nature and results.

List of Literature:

1. Антрушина, Г.Б. Лексикология английского языка: учебник для студ. пед. ин-тов по спец. № 2103 "Иностр. яз." / Г.Б. Антрушина, О.В. Афанасьева, Н.Н. Морозова; под ред. Г.Б. Антрушиной. – М.: Высш. школа, 1985. – С. 129–142, 147–160.

2. Воробей, А.Н. Глоссарий лингвистических терминов / А.Н. Воробей, Е.Г. Карапетова. – Барановичи: УО "БарГУ", 2004. – 108 с.

3. Дубенец, Э.М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: пособие для студ. гуманит. вузов / Э.М. Дубенец. – М. / СПб.: ГЛОССА / КАРО, 2004. – С. 74–82, 123–127.

4. Лексикология английского языка: учебник для ин-тов и фак-тов иностр. яз. / Р.З. Гинзбург [и др.]; под общ. ред. Р.З. Гинзбург. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Высш. школа, 1979. – С. 13–23, 28–39, 47–51.

5. Лещева, Л.М. Слова в английском языке. Курс лексикологии современного английского языка: учебник для студ. фак-в и отдел. английского языка (на англ. яз.) / Л.М. Лещева. – Минск: Академия управления при Президенте Республики Беларусь, 2001. – С. 36–56. (Электронный ресурс).

List of Terms:

Semantics

referent

functional meaning

grammatical meaning

lexical meaning

denotational meaning

connotational meaning

polysemanticword

polysemy

a model of polysemy

lexical-semantic variants

basic meaning

peripheral meaning

primary meaning

secondary meaning

radiation

concatenation

lexical context

grammatical context

thematic context

ellipsis

differentiation of synonyms

linguistic analogy

metaphor

metonymy

restriction of meaning

extension of meaning

ameliorative development of meaning

pejorative development of meaning.

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