Lesson 4

Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University

Test № 3

Выберите правильный ответ.

1. When was the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University founded?

a) 1953; b) 1965; c) 1991.

2. How many departments does the University have at present?

a) 10; b) 12; c) 13.

3. What are the forms of studying?

a) full-time; b) part-time; c) correspondent.

4. What does the word “schedule” mean?

a) order; b) answer; c) time-table.

5. What is the lowest scientific degree a student receives?

a) Master; b) Doctor; c) Bachelor.

6. What does the word “syllabus” mean?

a) programme; b) style; c) method.

7. What do you call a subject you must study?

a) point; b) optional; c) necessary.

8. What do we call a subject you choose depending on your interest?

a) favorite; b) popular; c) elective.

9. How many terms does the academic year consist of?

a) two; b) three; c) four.

10. How are the best students supported?

a) get grants; b) are welcome; c) stay after classes.

11. Who has the higher qualification?

a) Bachelor; b) Master; c) graduate.

12. What is the basis of the University?

a) gymnasiums; b) kindergartens; c) enterprises.

13. Where can the students hold their research work?

a) in the scientific library; b) at the hostel; c) at the park.

14. What is the training farm created for?

a) for practice; b) for food processing; c) for rest.

15. What is the synonym of the word “department”?

a) faculty; b) branch; c) field.

Great Britain (1)

Grammar: артикли с географическими названиями; повторение предлогов; прошедшее совершённое и прошедшее совершённо-продолженное время (Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous Tense); повторение прошедших времён

Словарный минимум

Существительные:

isle	остров
island	остров
total area	общая площадь
surface	поверхность
valley	долина
plain	равнина
population	население
producer	производитель
machinery	машинное оборудование
textile	текстиль
aircraft	самолеты
navigation	судоходство
equipment	оборудование
shipbuilding	кораблестроение
fauna	фауна
mammal	млекопитающее
otter	выдра
seal	тюлень
hedgehog	еж
hare	заяц
rabbit	кролик
rat	крыса

county графство

pilgrimage паломничество

Прилагательные:

deep глубокий

mild мягкий, умеренный

urban городской

highly developed высокоразвитый

chief главный

mountainous гористый

vast огромный

medieval средневековый

terrestrial земной

Глаголы:

to be situated	быть расположенным
consist of	состоять из
include	включать
mean	означать
separate	разделять
wash	омывать
vary	менять (-ся), разнообразить
influence	влиять

retire уходить в отставку, увольняться

Vocabulary Exercises

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте, следуя транскрипции, следующие географические названия

Great Britain [′ greit′ britn ] Великобритания

Wales [ weilz ] Уэльс

Scotland [ ′sk כּ tlәnd ] Шотландия

Ireland [ ′aiәlәnd ] Ирландия

the British Isles [ ðә ′briti∫ ′ailz ] Британские острова

the North Sea [ ðә ′n כּ Ө ′ si: ] Северное море

the English Channel [ ði: ′ingli ∫ ′t∫ ænl ] Английский канал

the Irish Sea [ ði: ′airi ∫ ′si: ] Ирландское море

the Atlantic Ocean [ ði: ′әt′læ ntik ′әu әn ] Атлантический океан

Ben Nevis [ ′ben′nevis ] Бен Невис

the Severn [ ðә ′sevәn ] Северн

the Thames [ ðә ′temz ] Темза

Gulf Stream [ ′g Λ lf ′stri:m ] Гольфстрим

Birmingham [ ′bә:minәm ] Бирмингем

Glasgow [ ′gla:sg כּ u ] Глазго

Liverpool [ ′livәpu:l ] Ливерпуль

Manchester [ ′mænt ∫ istә ] Манчестер

Sheffield [ ′ ∫ efild ] Шеффилд

Brighton [ ′braitn ] Брайтон

Canterbury [ ′kæntәbәri ] Кентербери

Northumbria [ n כּ :′ӨΛmbriә ] Нортумбрия

Salisbury [ ′s כּ :lzbәri ] Солсбери

Yorkshire [ ′j כּ :k ∫ iә ] Йоркшир

Упражнение 2. Вставьте предлоги:

1. The British Isles consist … two large islands.

2. The UK is made … … four countries.

3. The British Isles are separated … the European continent … the North Sea and the English Channel.

4. The Humid and mild climate … Great Britain is good … plants and flowers.

5. Its population is … 57 million.

Упражнение 3. Используйте выражения в скобках в предложенияx:

a) to be made up of

1. The UK is made up of four countries.

2. The USA …. 50 states and the District of Columbia.

3. Germany …. 16 lands.

4. Belgium …. 3 regions.

5. Portugal …. 2 regions and 18 districts.

6. Mexico …. 31 states and a federal district.

7. Australia …. 6 states and 2 territories.

8. The Philippines …. 73 provinces and the capital.

b) to be washed by

1. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

2. The USA …. by the Pacific Ocean in the west.

3. Russia …. the Arctic Ocean in the north.

4. India …. the Indian Ocean in the south.

5. Our Far East …. the Japan Sea.

6. Turkey …. the Mediterranean in the west.

7. Egypt …. the Red Sea.

Text. Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech “Great Britain” is used to mean the United Kingdom.

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has the beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest – east, centre and south-east is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn (388 km) is the longest river, while the Thames (354 km) is the deepest and the most important one.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The humid and mild climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers. The UK was originally a land of vast forests, today only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded.

The fauna and animal life of the UK is much like that of northwestern Europe. Many larger mammals such as bear and wolf have been hunted to extinction; others are now protected by law. There are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along parts of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats, mice are numerous. Deer live in forests of Scotland and England.

The UK is one of world’s smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 per cent of the population is urban.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, and Leeds.

Northern England, Midlands and South England – each part of England is different. The Southeast is the most densely populated region in England. The south has a mild and sunny climate which makes it popular both with holiday-makers and with the elderly, who find it a comfortable area to retire.

The county of Kent is known as the Garden of England because it produces a lot of fruit and vegetables which are eaten all over the country. The soil and climate make ideal growing conditions.

Brighton, on the south coast, is a famous seaside resort. There are entertainments of all kinds. Canterbury is a town in Kent with a population of 120,000. It is the religious capital of England. From the 12^th to the 15^th centuries, it was a place of pilgrimage. The best-known Canterbury pilgrims are probably those who appear in the book by Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Canterbury Tales”, written in the 14^th century.

East Anglia is extremely flat, and it is dominated by agriculture. It has beautiful cities with fine historic buildings (such as Cambridge, Norwich, Peterborough and Colchester), and it has many sandy beaches and inland waterways. In medieval times, it became rich because of the wool trade.

Birmingham is the most important city in the Midlands, one of England’s most productive regions, with large industrial areas. There has been a town where Oxford now stands for many centuries – even before 912. The university began to establish itself in the middle of the 12^th century, and by 1300 there were already 1,500 students. Nowadays, there are about 12,000 students in Oxford.

Northumbria is a region of great natural beauty although industry of some kind has existed here for thousands of years. The Ice Age formed many deep valleys in the counties of Cumbria and North Yorkshire, made rivers into waterfalls and left behind hills and mountains. Beneath the earth is coal – the foundation of the region’s industry.

The Lake District is the central mountainous area of Cumbria and has some of England’s most beautiful scenery. Since the Lake District is a National Park, there is a special control over building.

The county of Wiltshire is most famous for the great stone monument of Stonehenge. It has stood on Salisbury Plain for about 4,000 years. The scientists still don’t know why it was built. It could have been an observatory where stars and planets could be observed, a Druid temple, or it was used to store terrestrial energy, which was then generated across the country.

Text exercises

Упражнение 1. Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated ….

2. Their total area is over ….

3. The UK is made up of four countries: ….

4. The surface of the British Isles varies ….

5. … …. is the highest mountain.

6. … …. …. ….. influence the climate of the British Isles.

7. The Fauna and animal life of the UK is much like that of ….

8. The largest cities of Great Britain are ….

9. The religious capital of England is ….

10. In medieval age East Anglia ….

11. Oxford was founded in ….

12. The Lake District in Cumbria is ….

13. Stonehenge could have been ….

Упражнение 2. В каждой строчке уберите слово, выпадающее по смыслу.

1. The Severn, Ben Nevis, the Volga, the Thames, the Danube, the Missouri.

2. The Alps, the Urals, the English Channel, the Rocky Mountains, Ben Nevis.

3. London, Birmingham, Chicago, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield.

4. Hedgehog, swan, hare, rabbit, rat, mouse.

Упражнение 3. Согласитесь или опровергните следующие утверждения.

1. The UK is situated in the central part of Eurasia.

2. The UK is made up of three countries: England, Wales, Scotland.

3. The capital of the UK is London.

4. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the Red Sea and the Suez Canal.

5. The surface of the British Isles varies very much.

6. Ben Nevis in Wales is the highest mountain.

7. There are lot of rivers in Great Britain: the Severn, the Thames, the Rhein, the Danube.

8. The severe climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers.

9. Deer live in forests of Scotland and England.

10. The population of the UK is over 58 million.

11. The UK is a highly developed industrial country.

12. One of the chief industries of the country is automobile industry.

13. England’s most beautiful scenery is the Lake District.

Упражнение 4. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Where is the UK situated? 2. What countries is the UK made up of? 3. What separates the British Isles from the European continent? 4. What is the north of Scotland called? 5. What is the highest mountain in Scotland? 6. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild? 7. What’s the UK’s population? 8. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. What does it produce and export? 9. What is the most densely populated region in England? 10. What is the main place of interest of Wiltshire?

Упражнение 5. Аудирование. Прослушайте текст о климате Великобритании.

The British Climate

Some people say that Britain does not have a climate, it only has weather. This refers to three things. Firstly, the weather in Britain is very changeable: a day can start fine and warm, but often end cold and wet. Secondly, the climate is very moderate: it does not usually get very cold or very hot. Thirdly, the seasons are not as different as they are in many countries, and you can just as easily have a cold, wet day in summer as you can in winter.

Generally speaking, the west of Britain is wetter than the east, and the north is colder than the south. That means, for example, that the southwest is warm but wet; the northeast is colder but drier. Because of the Gulf Stream, British winters are much warmer than many countries with the same latitude.

Britain is famous for its fog: think of London in the books of Charles Dickens or in Sherlock Holmes stories and you will think of fog. But Britain is much less foggy than it was in the days of Dickens or Holmes, because now people can’t have coal fires in London or other big cities. It was the pollution as much as the climate that made Victorian London so foggy.

Упражнение 6. Опираясь на содержание приведённого выше текста, подберите английский перевод следующих слов.

1. Firstly	a) неустойчивый
2. Secondly	б) уголь
3. Thirdly	в) во-первых
4. Refer	г) во времена
5. Changeable	д) широта
6. Moderate	е) во-вторых
7. Generally speaking	ж) умеренный
8. Latitude	з) загрязнение
9. Coal	и) иметь отношение
10. Pollution	к) в-третьих
11. In the days of	л) говоря в общем

Упражнение 7. Укажите, верно ли высказывание. Смогли бы вы выполнить это задание без опоры на текст о климате Великобритании?

1. Britain is foggier now than it was in the 19^th century.

2. It was the pollution as much as the climate that made Victorian London so foggy.

3. The west of Britain is drier than the East.

4. The climate is very moderate.

5. British winters are much colder than many countries with the same latitude.

6. The north of Britain is colder than the south.

7. The weather in Britain is very changeable.

8. The Gulf Stream makes Britain colder.

Упражнение 8. Используя описание климата Великобритании в качестве образца, напишите несколько общих предложений о климате России.

Упражнение 9. Прочитайте следующий диалог. Составьте со своим товарищем свой диалог о Великобритании.

- Hello, John! I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been?

- Hello, Mary! I have been in Great Britain since September.

- Oh, it is so great! What’s your impression?

- I like that country, its friendly people, its way of life, its traditions. I visited many places and now I have known much about Great Britain.

- As far as I know, Great Britain is such a small country!

- Yes, its total area is over 244,000 square km. And I have been in all parts of Great Britain: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

- What about nature? Are there many mountains, rivers?

- Yes, there are a lot of rivers, but they are not very long. And mountains are not very high.

- Excuse me, John! But I must hurry, I have a lecture. Next time we’ll talk about your trip. See you soon.

- OK. Good-bye, Mary.

Grammar exercises

Упражнение 1. Употребите Past Continuous в предложениях.

1. At 9.45 Ann (to wash) her car. – At 9.45 Ann was washin g her car.

2. At 11.45 she (to read a newspaper).

3. At 12.30. she (to cook a dinner).

4. At 13.00. she (to listen to the radio).

5. At 17.00 she (to play tennis).

Упражнение 2. Постройте предложения утвердительные и отрицательные, употребляя Past Continuous.

1. (to wear a jacket) – He was wearing a jacket. He wasn’t wearing a jacket. 2. (to carry a bag). 3. (to go the dentist). 4. (to eat an ice-cream). 5. (to carry an umbrella). 6. (to go home). 7. (wear a hat). 8. (to ride a bicycle).

Упражнение 3. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму.

1. Jane was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).

2. What … (you/do) this time yesterday? I was asleep.

3. …… (you/go) out last night? No, I was too tired.

4. Was Carol at the party last night? Yes, she … (wear) a really nice dress.

5. How fast … (you/drive) when the accident … (happen)?

6. John … (take) a photograph of me while I … (not/look).

7. We were in a very difficult position. We … (not/know) what to do.

8. I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last … (see) him, he … (try) to find a job in London.

9. When I was a young, I … (want) to be a bus driver.

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте предложения и постройте предложения, употребляя слова в скобках, используйте Past Perfect.

1. You went to Jill’s house but she wasn’t there. (she /go /out).

2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before. (it /change / a lot).

3. I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn’t come. (she / arrange/ to do something else).

4. You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late. (the film / already/ begin).

5. I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time. (we/ not meet/ for years).

6. I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn’t hungry. (she / just /have /breakfast).

Упражнение 5. Прочитайте предложения и постройте предложения, заканчивающиеся на before. Используйте глагол, данный в скобках.

1. The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. (fly) He had never flown before. Or He hadn’t flown before.

2. A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me. (see) I ….

3. Simon played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first game. (play) He ….

4. Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there. (be) We ….

Упражнение 6. Прочитайте предложения и постройте предложения при помощи слов, данных в скобках. Используйте Past Perfect Continuous.

1. I was very tired when I arrived home. (I /work / hard all day) I had been working hard all day.

2. The two boys came into the house. They were both very tired. (they / play / football).

3. There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody / smoke / in the room).

4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where she was. (she / dream).

5. When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. (he / watch / TV).

Упражнение 7. Прочитайте предложения и завершите их, употребив Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous.

1. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours were having (have) a party.

2. We were good friends. We had known (know) each other for along time.

3. John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with because he … (walk) so fast.

4. Mary was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She …. (run).

5. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They … (eat).

6. When I arrived, everybody … (sit) round the table and … (talk). Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full.

7. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He …. (look) for his contact lens.

8. When I arrived, Kate …. (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she …. (wait) for a very long time.

9. I was sad when I sold my car. I …. (have) it for a very long time.

10. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We …. (travel) for more than 24 hours.

Упражнение 8. Поставьте предлоги at / on / in.

1. Goodbye! See you on Friday. 2. Where were you... 28 February? 3. I got up … 6 o’clock this morning. 4. I like getting up early … the morning. 5. My sister got married …. May. 6. Diane and I first met … 1979. 7. Did you go out … Tuesday? 8. Did you go out …. Tuesday evening? 9. Do you often go out … the evening? 10. Let’s meet … 7.30 tomorrow evening. 11. I often go away … the weekend. 12. I’m starting my new job … 3 July. 13. We often go to the beach … summer. 14. George isn’t here … the moment. 15. Julia’s birthday is … January. 16. Do you work … Saturdays? 17. The company started … 1969. 18. I like to look at the stars … night. 19. I’ll send you the money … the end of the month.

Упражнение 9. Завершите предложения, употребив предлоги места in / at / on.

1. Don’t sit on the grass. It’s wet. 2. What have you got … your bag? 3. Look! There’s man … the roof. What’s he doing? 4. There are a lot of fish … this river. 5. Our house is number 45 – number is … the door. 6. `Is the cinema near here? `Yes, turn left … the traffic lights.` 7. I usually do my shopping … the city centre. 8. My sister lives …. Brussels. 9. There’s a small park … the top of the hill. 10. I think I heard the doorbell. There’s somebody … the door. 11. I think I heard the doorbell. There’s somebody …. the door. 11. Munich is a large city …the south of Germany. 12. There are a few shops … the end of the street. 13. It’s difficult to carry a lot of things ….a bicycle. 14. I looked at the list of names. My name was …. the bottom of the list. 15. There is a mirror … the wall … the living room.

Упражнение 10. Завершите предложения, употребив предлоги места in/ at / on.

1. Helen is studying law at university. 2. There was a big table … the middle of the room. 3. What is the longest river … the world? 4. Were there many people … the concert last night? 5. Will you be … home tomorrow afternoon? 6. Who is that man … this photograph? Do you know him? 7. Where are your children? Are they … school? 8. George is coming by train. I’m going to meet him … the station. 9. Charlie is … hospital. He’s going to have an operation tomorrow. 10. How many pages are there … this book? 11. ‘Are you hungry after your journey?’ ‘No, I had a meal … the train.’ 12.I’m sorry I’m late. My car is broke down … the way here. 13. ‘Is Tom here?’ ‘No, he’s … his brother’s.’ 14. Don’t believe everything you see … the newspaper! 15. I walked to work but I came home … the bus.

Упражнение 11. Употребите предлоги места to или at, где необходимо.

1. Paula didn’t go to work yesterday. 2. I’m tired. I’m going (-) home. 3. Ann is not very well. She has gone … the doctor. 4. Would you like to come … a party on Saturday? 5. ‘Is Liz … home?’ “No, she’s gone … work.’ 6. There were 20,000 people … the football match. 7. Why did you go … home early last night? 8. A boy jumped into the river and swam … the other side. 9. There were a lot of people waiting … the bus stop. 10. We had a good meal … a restaurant and then we went back … the hotel.

Упражнение 12. Употребите предлоги места at, to, in, где необходимо.

1. I’m going out this afternoon. I’m staying at home. 2. We’re going … a concert tomorrow evening. 3. I went … New York last year. 4. How long did you stay … New York? 5. Next year we hope to go … Canada to visit some friends. 6. Shall we go … the cinema this evening? 7. Is there a restaurant … this station? 8. After the accident three people were taken … hospital. 9. How often do you go … the dentist? 10. ‘Is Diane here?’ ‘No, she’s... Ann’s.’ 11. My house is … the end of the street on the left. 12. I went … Mary’s house but she wasn’t … home. 13. There were no taxis, so we had to walk … home. 14. ‘What did you study … university?’ ‘I didn’t go … university.’

Упражнение 13. Завершите предложения, употребив артикль the, используя слова из строки.

Alps, Amazon, Andes, Asia, Atlantic, Bahamas, Cairo, Kenya, Malta, Pacific, Red Sea, Rhine, Sweden, Tokyo, United States

1. Cairo is the capital of Egypt. 2. The Atlantic is between Africa and America. 3. … is a country in northern Europe. 4. … is a river in South America. 5. … is the largest continent in the world. 6. … is the largest ocean. 7. … is a river in Europe. 8. … is a country in East Africa. 9. … are between Canada and Mexico. 10. … are mountains in South America. 11. … is the capital of Japan. 12. … are mountains in central Europe. 13. … is between Saudi Arabia and Africa. 14. … is an island in the Mediterranean. 15. … are a group of islands near Florida.

Упражнение 14. Употребите артикль the, где необходимо.

1. Kevin lives in (-) Newton Street. 2. We went to see a play at the National Theatre. 3. Have you ever been to China? 4. Have you ever been to Philippines? 5. Have you ever been to south of France? 6. Can you tell me where Regal cinema is? 7. Can you tell me where Merion Street is? 8. Can you tell me where Museum of Modern Art is? 9. Europe is bigger than Australia. 10. Belgium is smaller than Netherlands. 11. Which river is longer – Mississippi of Nile? 12. Did you go to National Gallery when you were in London? 13. “Where did you stay?” “At Park Hotel in Hudson Road.” 14. How far is it from Trafalgar Square to Victoria Station? 15. Rocky Mountains are in North America. 16. Texas is famous for oil and cowboys. 17. Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. 18. I hope to go to United States next year. 19. Mary comes from a small town in west of Ireland. 20. Alan studied physics at Manchester University.

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