Страдательный залог. Exercise10. Read and translate the text (control reading of the text)

Exercise10.Read and translate the text (control reading of the text). Find a suitable title for it. Translate Russian words into English

Exercise 9. Retell this text.

Man's earliest structures (защищать) him from the weather, from (дикие животные) or from the attacks of other men. Since that time (искусство строительства) has changed greatly, but its main object has remained protection. Now we are living in the age of machinery, (научные достижения), of the discovery of new sources of power and (новые материалы). The three main materials are concrete, together with ferroconcrete (or reinforced concrete), steel and new kind of (стекло).

Modern (архитектура) is mainly the architecture of steel and concrete. The outer wall and the (крыша) have lost their old importance. They are no longer structural. In the (современный) building it is the floor and its supports that are structural. The use of steel framework has made it possible to construct tall (здание).

The walls which no longer have to support the structure, can be of any kind of material. It is possible (строить) a factory in which the (стены) are made of any shape we like. The roofs may be (плоский). Changes in the interior of buildings have also been made. Electric light, (центральное отопление), air-conditioning, refrigeration and all kinds of labor-saving devices have been installed. We have all these things for some time. And our modern homes have become much more comfortable than the (дом) of the past.

Exercise 2.Answer the following questions:

V.1. What is the main object in the art of building?

V.2. In what age are we living?

V.3. What are three main materials used in constructions now?

V.4. What form can the roofs have now?

V.5. What changes have been made in the interior of houses.

Exercise 3.Make up sentences with the words and expressions:

protection, scientific achievements, comfortable, discovery, to be permitted.

(PASSIVEVOICE)

Формы страдательного залога английских глаголов образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причас­тия II(Participle II) смыслового глагола:

Present Indefinite: The letter is written

Past Indefinite: The letter was written.

Future Indefinite: The letter will be written.

Present Continuous The letter is being written.

Past Continuous: The letter was being written.

Future Continuous: The letter will be being written.

Present Perfect: The letter has been written.

Past Perfect: The letter had been written

Future Perfect: The letter will have been written.

Глагол-сказуемое в страдательном залоге показывает, что подлежащее предложения является объектом действия со стороны другого лица или предмета.

Сравните: I bought a book. — Я купил книгу.

The book was bought (by me). — Книга была куплена (мной).

Глаголы в страдательном залоге на русский язык переводятся

1. глаголом быть + краткая форма причастия страдательного залога:

The letter was sent yesterday. Письмо было послано вчера.

2. глаголом с частицей -ся (-сь):

This problem was discussed last week. Эта проблема обсуждалась на прошлой неделе.

3. неопределенно-личным оборотом, т. е. глаголом в действительном залоге 3 лица множественного числа, типа «говорят», «сказали»:

English is spoken in many countries. На английском языке говорят во многих странах.

4. глаголом в действительном залоге (при наличии исполнителя действия):

Pupils are taught at school by the teachers. Учеников учат в школе учителя.

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian. Determine the Tense and Voice of the verb:

1. He left for Moscow. 2. The news will be of great interest. 3. They were speaking to him. 4. She studied many subjects. 5. He was much spoken about. 6. New subjects will be studied next term. 7. I am working now. 8. The text has already been written by them. 9. He studies at our school. 10. You are playing chess, aren't you? 11. The text is being translated at the moment. 12. Do you work at this lab? 13. When I saw him, he was going home. 14. They will have passed their exams by 3 o'clock. 15. This book was written by our teacher.

Exercise 2. Translate into Russian using the Passive:

l. They can be seen in our library every day. 2. The delegation is headed by the Prime Minister. 3. The child was often left home alone. 4. These houses were built last year. 5. All letters had been written when we came. 6. This film is much spoken about. 7. The machine is being tested now. 8. His work has been already finished. 9.I was told to wait for him. 10.Your letter will have been answered by Monday. 11. The experiment was being carried out from ten till twelve o'clock. 12.Children under sixteen will not be admitted here.

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form:

1. I'm not reading these books today. They (return) to the library. 2. The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month. 3. Why your home task (not do)? 4. She was taken to the hospital today, and (operate) tomorrow morning. 5. This room (use) only on special occasions. 6. Bicycles must not (leave) here. 7. This newspaper (not read). The pages (not cut). 8, Dictionaries may not (use) at the examination.

Exercise 4. Translate into English using the Passive Voice:

1. Эта книга была прочитана всеми. 2. Письмо будет отправлено завтра. 3. Ее часто спрашивают? 4. На ваш вопрос ответят завтра. 5. Текст переводился вчера с двух до трех. 6. Работа только что завершена нами. 7. Эти книги уже будут опубликованы к концу года. 8. Наша контрольная работа сейчас проверяется? 9. О новой книге будут много говорить. 10. В нашем городе сейчас строится много новых зданий. 11. Он сказал мне, что текст будет переведен к 10 часам завтра. 12. Все картины, которые вы здесь видите, написаны одним и тем же художником. 13. Письмо будет отправлено завтра. 14. Работа будет закончена в срок. 15. За доктором послали? Сделайте это как можно скорее. У ребенка высокая температура. 16. Эта книга была написана до того, как автор стал знаменитым. 17. Сотни новых домов будут построены к концу этого года. 18. Эта история давно забыта всеми. 19. Мне предложили очень интересную работу. 20. Он серьезный человек. На него всегда можно положиться.

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