EXERCISES. Active Vocabulary to Text A

Active Vocabulary to Text A

NOTES

¹it is known – известно

²way – способ

³as a result - в результате

⁴ to make do something- заставлять что-либо сделать

⁵through - через

⁶force down - толкать вниз

⁷extreme – максимальный

⁸by means of - с помощью

⁹ to be carried on - (зд.) опираться на что-либо

¹⁰to keep – удерживать

attach - присоединять	exhaust - выхлоп, выхлопной
bearing - подшипник	fuel - топливо
bottom - низ	force - сила
burn/burnt/- гореть	force into - нагнетать
camshaft - распредвал	force out - выталкивать
change - изменять	gear - шестерня
change into - превращать	heat - нагревать, тепло
combustion - сгорание	ignite - воспламенять
chamber - камера	inlet, intake - впуск, впускной
compress - сжимать	lubricate - смазывать
connect - соединять	move - двигаться
connecting rod - шатун	mix - смешивать
convert - преобразовывать	operate - работать
cool - охлаждать	outlet, outtake - выпускной
crankcase - картер	piston - поршень
crankshaft - коленчатый вал	power - мощность, энергия
cylinder - цилиндр	spark - искра
device - приспособление	stroke - такт, ход
dead centre - мертвая точка	top - верх
drive - привод	valve - клапан
engine - двигатель	wear/wore, worn/ - изнашиваться

1. Read and translate the words without a dictionary.

Block, carburetor, cycle, cylinder, diameter, gas, type, system, diesel, compression, temperature.

2. Tell what parts of speech the following words belong to.

Basic, historic, economic, systematic, cylindrical, special, internal, functional, mixture, nature.

3. Form nouns from the following verbs by adding the suffixes a/ -tion, -sion, b/ -ment. Translate them into Russian.

a) connect, act, operate, lubricate, ignite, compress, transmit, rotate;

b) develop, attach, achieve, arrange, move.

4. Add the suffix -ly to the adjectives given below. Translate the derived words.

High, common, heavy, special, direct, correct, certain, technical, experimental.

5. Give synonyms to the following words. Translate them.

Small, great, heavy, intake, burning, to attach, to change into.

6. Group the following words in pairs of antonyms. Translate them.

Light, down, to expand, to open, to cool, up, exhaust, bottom, to close, out, to stop, to heat, inlet, top, to compress, into, to move, heavy.

7. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives. Compose 3 sentences with any of them.

High, deep, long, hot, cool, good, correct, heavy, common, difficult.

8. Choose attributes from point B for the nouns from point A. Translate and use 3 of them in your own sentences.

A. Chamber, valve, pump, pipe, mixture, engine, filter, cycle, system, stroke, parts.

B. Oil, inlet, water, exhaust, combustion, engine, fuel, piston.

9. Read and translate the sentences. Compose 2 sentences of your own using the same pattern.

1. The greater the compression in the combustion chamber, the higher the temperature in the cylinder.

2. The smaller the parts of the units, the less the friction in the mechanism.

3. The heavier the parts of the engine the more material is used for their production.

4. The more we study the principles of the engine operation the better we know them.

10. Fill in the suitable words.

1. The internal combustion engine...fuel into power.

2. The process of...takes place in the cylinder.

3. The fuel burns and provides the...

4. The air-fuel mixture moves through the...pipe to the intake...

5. The explosive...is compressed by...

6. The gases...the piston down.

7. The electric...ignites the mixture.

8. The...gases force the...down.

9. The piston movement from BDC to TDC is called the piston...

10....attaches the piston to the crankshaft.

11. The function of the...is to close and open the valves.

12. The…mechanism consists of a cylinder block, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and crankcase.

13. The...transmits the power to the transmission system.

14. The...protects the engine parts and keeps the oil.

11. Put questions to the underlined words.

1. The air-fuel mixture moves into the cylinder.

2. The cylinder has 2 valves.

3. The parts of the lubricating system are the pump, the filters, and the pipes.

4. The Scientists invented the diesel engine in 1933.

12. Form Participle I from the following verbs:

To look, to burn, to expand, to change, to provide, to be, to convert, to operate, to move.

13. Find in the Text Participles I. What are their functions? Compose 5 sentences using Participles I as attributes.

14. Form Participles II from the following verbs. Explain the different ways of forming Participle II.

To move, to do, to be, to keep, to drive, to convert, to burn, to cool, to take, to make, to see, to wear.

15. Translate the following collocations with Participle II.

The burnt gases, the compressed air, the ignited mixture, the cylinder made of iron, the closed valve, the fuel converted into power, the work done by the piston, the piston forced down by the gases, the connecting rod attached to the crankshaft.

16. Compare the following pairs of sentences. What are the functions of the words with -ed?

1. This farm produced only farm tractors. The machines produced by this plant are farm tractors.

2. The engine used on the tractors is the ICE. Engineers used the first diesel in 1931.

3. The electric spark ignited the compressed air-fuel mixture. The piston compressed the explosive mixture in the cylinder.

4. The injected fuel was ignited by means of very high temperature. The pump injected the lubricant into the pipe.

17. Find Participles II in the Text and define their functions.

18. Translate the following sentences. Explain the difference. Transform the sentences in the Active Voice into the Passive Voice and vice versa.

1. As a result they invented the internal combustion engine.

2. The fuel burns and provides the power.

3. The fuel is stored in a tank.

4. The fuel tank is connected by a small diameter pipe to the carburetor.

5. The fuel is mixed with air in the carburetor.

6. The explosive mixture moves to the inlet pipe.

7. The camshaft opens and closes the valves.

19. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Топливо горит в двигателе внутреннего сгорания. 2. Топливо и воздух смешиваются в карбюраторе. 3. Смесь сжимается в цилиндре. 4. Смесь воспламеняется искрой. 5. Коленвал поддерживается коренными подшипниками. 6. Поршень и коленвал соединяются шатуном. 7. Температура в двигателе снижается с помощью охладительной системы. 8. Топливо преобразуется в мощность в двигателе внутреннего сгорания.

20. Make up sentences using the substitution table:

	fuel	in the tank
	fuel and air	in the carburetor
There is	electric spark	mixed in the carburetor
	exhaust valve	in the combustion chamber
	2 extreme positions	in the engine
	connecting rod	of the piston
	valves	which changes the type of motion
There are	cooling system	in the cylinder
	the water jacket
	the radiator
	the fan

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