Of cultivation machinery

SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE

TEXT C

EXERCISES

Active Vocabulary to Text В

NOTES

¹a level finish - гладкая поверхность

²at the same time - в то же время

³a side thrush - боковая реакция почвы

century - век	landside - полевая доска
undergo - претерпевать	vertical - вертикальный
integral - интегральный	bolt - крепить болтом
tool - орудие, инструмент	frog - стойка, лягушка
power source - источник энергии	above - над
coulter - нож	absorb - поглощать
share - лемех

1. Choose the right variant.

1. An agricultural implement for cutting and turning the soil is called...(a tractor, a combine, a plow).

2. The cutting part of the machine is called...(a coulter, a mould board, a landside).

3. The plow frame is attached to the...(3-point linkage, drawbar, axle).

4. The share, the mould board and the coulter are bolted to the...(frame, frog, shaft).

5. The mould board...(to turn, to cut, to penetrate) the soil.

6. Secondary tillage equipment includes different...(tractors, plows, cultivators).

7. The subsoil plow...(to loosen, to aerate, to penetrate) the soil in the bottom of the furrow.

8. Disk plows are best implements for...(light, hard, waxy) soils.

2. Agree or disagree.

1. The oldest agricultural implement is the combine.

2. Modern plow is the same as it was many centuries ago.

3. Plows penetrate into the soil, and loosen and pulverize it.

4. The plow consists of a frame, a PTO-shaft, a share and a mould board.

5. The plow is attached to the drawbar by means of the 3-point linkage.

6. The driver lifts and lowers the plow automatically.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What is the function of a coulter?

2. How does a share operate?

3. What device turns the furrow slice?

4. What is the function of a metal piece, called a landside?

4. What words will you need to describe the main parts of modern plows and their work? Use them in your description.

For all cultivation machinery it is characteristic to have common servicing and technical procedures. Main problems may occur in the frames, wheels, shafts, axles, bearing bodies, chains, etc.

A cultivator has a frame with a number of tines. It is mounted on a tractor and its working depth is controlled hydraulically. As with all cultivation machinery there is a wide range of working width - from 2 to 8 mm suitable for all sizes of tractors. Among the frame faults, we can detect the distortion, fractures and damage to the frame parts, and the wear of the bushings and bearings. All these faults can cause the malfunction of the operating parts and the gear mechanism. The frames are repaired by means of hydraulic attachments and heating.

We can detect faults in the wheels, shafts, axles, bearing bodies. They are: distortions or breakage of the rims, wear on the bushings, and loosening at the connection. The rim distortion can be eliminated by heating. The worn friction parts - the thread, bushings, connection pins, rollers, etc. - must be replaced.

Power-take-off-driven machinery is costly¹ and needs regular maintenance to insure long working life².

Take care of the cutting parts of the cultivation machinery. Tines used for soil cultivation must be sharp. While working, the tines get blunt and worn. The blunt blades cause bad operation and the reduction of the dimensions. All these result in the agrotechnical and power data.

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