Transmission

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CAR OF FUTURE

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Ever since Nicolas Cugnot, a Frenchman, invented the first self-propelled road vehicle in 1770 there has been no shortage of companies willing to make a better automobile. Over years their efforts have given users the gasoline engine, the electric starter, tubeless, tires, fuel-injected engines and anti-lock brakes, these are only a few innovations. What is next? Here are some examples of what the car designers are working at in the world today.

Engineers are experimenting with a state-of-art, system that enables drivers to see well after dark. This “night vision”, system uses infrared sensors that can detect a human figure at night more than 1,600 feet away. That’s five times the distance at which conventional headlights are effective. The sensors pick up infrared rays emitted by any object that gives off heat. An image-processing system scans the information from the sensors, creating different images for different objects. The images are then displayed on a cathode ray screen built-in a car’s instrument panel. It is like black-and-white photograph of an object ahead. And the system is passive, which means no lights are needed to illuminate the object in front of the vehicle. But the biggest problem will be reducing costs and the other one is the size of the sensor mechanism, which is too big now.

One of the latest applications of sophisticated electronics is the wheel-computerized system that not only monitors air pressure in automobile tires but also adjusts it automatically. This system in addition enables a driver to set tire pressure while seated. The system developed consists of three separate modules. The first is the instrument panel display, which houses the system’s main microprocessor, programming buttons and warning signals. The second component is the detector drive module, which is essentially four microchips attached, in one unit, to the chassis. Each chip detects pressure changes that may occur. The transistors within the module signal the third component – a programmable transducer.

At movement of an automobile the crankshaft of the engine develops up to 5800 rev/min, and driving wheels thus rotate with speed no more than 1300 rev/min. Hence, even under favorable road conditions a wheel of the automobile rotates a crankshaft in four times more slowly.

Coupling allows disconnecting for a short time power transfer from the engine, providing smooth inclusion of transmission at the automobile going from a place or at switching transfers.

The box of transfers serves for reception of various traction efforts on driving wheels by change of the twisting moment transmitted from the engine to crank to a shaft, and also for change of a direction of driving wheels rotation at movement back and for switching-off of the engine transmission for a long time.

Cranked transfer allows transferring of twisting moment from a target shaft of a box of transfers to the rear axle at a varied corner between axes of a shaft of a box of transfers and conducting shaft of the main transfer.

The main transfer serves to transfer twisting moment under a corner of 90 degrees from crankshaft to floor axis, and also for reduction of number of the driving wheels revolutions of in relation to number of the crankshaft revolutions.

The differential provides an opportunity of rotation of the right and left driving wheels with different speeds on turns and rough road.

Two floor axis, connected with differential through differential side gears, transfer twisting moment from differential to the right and left driving wheels.

Дата добавления: 2014-10-17