Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions. Verbs and Verbal Phrases

Adjectives

Verbs and Verbal Phrases

Nouns and Noun Combinations

affection – любовь

battle – битва, сражение

belief – вера, убеждение

cause – дело

church – церковь

county – графство

courage – мужество

courtesy – вежливость, учтивость

defeat – поражение

faith – вера, верность

finery – украшение

gaiety – весёлость

honesty – честность

intention – намерение

justice and order – справедливость и порядок

kindness – доброта

landowner – землевладелец

obedience – послушание, подчинение

pattern – рисунок, узор

rogue – мошенник

royalist – сторонник короля

sign – знак

sin – грех

sincerity – искренность

stained–glass windows – витражи

terror – ужас

thread – нить

break the word of honour – нарушить данное слово (обещание)

bear (bore, born) – носить, нести

care about... – заботиться о...

destroy – разрушить

find out – узнать, выяснить

find smb guilty – признать кого-либо виновным

lead (led, led) – вести, приводить

pretend – притвориться, притворяться

reduce – уменьшать, сокращать

resist smb by force – оказать сопротивление с помощью силы

scorn – презирать

sentence to death – приговорить к смертной казни

spend money (time) on... – тратить деньги (время) на...

support – поддерживать

take shape – (с)формироваться

tell the wise from the stupid – отличить мудрого от глупого

trust – доверять

weave – ткать

win a battle – выиграть сражение

admirable – восхитительный, замечательный

curled – завитой

decisive – решающий

delicate – тонкий

dishonourable – бесчестный, низкий

dull – тусклый, однообразный

false – вероломный

fearless – бесстрашный

guilty – виновный

handsome – красивый (о мужчине)

harsh – жестокий

innocent – безобидный, невинный

intolerant – нетерпимый

inward – внутренний

outward – внешний

plain = simple – простой

rough – грубый

sad – печальный

sour – сердитый, мрачный, кислый

gay – весёлый

unfit – не(при)годный, неподходящий

unshakable – непоколебимый

unskillful – неумелый, нескладный

vivid – яркий

wealthy – состоятельный, богатый

as – такой же, как; так как; поскольку

at last – наконец

at least – по крайней мере

at once – тотчас, сразу

bitterly – ожесточённо; зд. абсолютно

completely – полностью, целиком

gradually – постепенно

lightly – легко

merely – просто, всего лишь

sincerely – искренне

so that – с тем, чтобы

time and again – неоднократно, часто

2.1. Read the words and say what makes them different:

county – country; king – kind; sort – sport; practice – practise; impression – expression; side – slide; sour – four; last – lost; art – act; score – scorn; world – would; lace – place; heard – heart; care – bare; city – pity; strange – stranger; train – plain; god – good; glass – grass; horse – hoarse; dull – doll; belief – believe.

2.1.1. Say which word in each row differs from the others:

1) a. poetry, b. music, c. war, d. art, e. painting

2) a. gay-coloured, b. beautiful, c. admirable; d. dull, e. handsome

3) a. unskillful, b. faithful, c. helpful, d. trustful, e. thoughtful

4) a. honesty, b. kindness, c. rough, d. sincerity, e. courage

5) a. wise, b. write, c. win, d. wear, e. weave

6) a. at last, b. at least, c. at once, d. at school, e. at all

7) a. merely, b. kingly, c. bitterly, d. deeply, e. lightly

8) a. wearer, b. royalist, c. rogue, d. landowner, e. Parliamentarian.

2.1.2. Learn to combine words. Reproduce the word combinations by memory.

a) Nouns with adjectives:

(a) faithful: husband, friend, wife, soldier, servant, son, serf, dog;

face: handsome, beautiful, sad, kind, sour, smiling, pretty, stern, harsh, thoughtful, round, oval, unkind;

man (person): wise, stupid, clever, pleasant - looking, gay, fearless, handsome, rough, wealthy, harsh, good - looking, dishonourable; false, faithful to his ideals; untrustworthy; intolerant of the opinions of his enemies; careless, guilty, courageous.

b) Verbs with nouns and gerund:

to care about: one’s family; little children; one’s appearance; poor people; churches; good manners; museums and ancient buildings; animals; the order in the country; going to the theatres and exhibitions, reading modern literature; learning and art; combining the spiritual and practical.

to destroy: a box; a car; towns and villages; picture galleries; churches; monuments; the stained-glass windows; the hope; the faith in justice; the faith in the ideal; the faith in God; the belief in the doctor; the belief in somebody’s honesty; the belief in the kindness.

2.1.3. Classify the words and word combinations by the columns. Do this in a written form.

a) Appearance and Manners of a Person

b) Good Qualities of a Person

c) Bad Qualities of a Person

a strong character; honesty; a rough ungraceful figure; courage; rough, harsh nature; kindness; kingly manners; a handsome face; untrustworthy; sad, thoughtful eyes; gaiety; to care about smb; intolerant of the opinions of other people; courtesy; sincerely religious; faithful; charm; dishonourable; love of the beautiful; long curled hair; a sour face; unskillful as a speaker; fearless; full of faith in one’s own cause; stern, harsh face; deep sincerity; a plain and dull in colouring dress; religious faith; a rogue; wise; stupid; bad manners; helpless in difficult situations; sincere belief in God; close (short) cut hair; trustful; to be crazy about new clothes; unshakable honesty.

2.1.4 Guess the meaning of the given words. Name suffixes, prefixes and the parts of speech the words belong to:

trustful

kindness trustless

unkind trustworthy

untrustworthy

sincerity

sincerely honourable

dishonour

leader dishonourable

leardership

admirable

skillful admirer

unskillful admiration

thought hopeful

thoughtful hopeless

hopelessly

2.1.5. Use the correct word in brackets to complete the sentences.

1) It is my (sincere, sincerity) belief that truth and justice must live.

2) John Milton, a great English poet, considered it a (honourable, dishonourable) thing to be travelling for amusement in foreign lands while his countrymen were fighting for freedom at home.

3) The young woman was (hopeless, hopelessly) ill and didn’t want to see anybody.

4) The secretary-linguist is very (skillful, unskillful) in typing and shorthand. She does everything in good time.

5) The information about the death of Charles Stuart, Leader of Royalist Army, was (trustworthy, untrustworthy) because some people said that he had crossed the Severn and two days later appeared in the town of Ludlow.

6) Visitors to Britain usually (admire, admirer) the Buckingham Palace and the royal guards.

7) She speaks English so well that her friends are filled with (admiration, admirable).

8) Her large (thought, thoughtful) eyes on the beautiful face attracted everybody’s attention.

2.1.6. Read, learn and don’t confuse the following words in the future:

trust <--> to trust – доверие – доверять

support <--> to support – поддержка – поддерживать

sentence <--> to sentence – приговор – выносить приговор; приговорить

hope <--> to hope – надежда – надеяться

honour <--> to honour – честь – оказать честь, удостаивать (чего-либо)

2.1.7. Make sure that you can identify and translate the words belonging to different parts of speech in the context of sentences.

1) The rogue had been sentenced to pay a fine of $20. She didn’t hear the sentence because she didn’t care about it any longer. She was indifferent to everything and everybody.

2) He had a large family to support. The landowners and the wealthy men supported Charles I. He felt the sincere support of his friends and his family and this made him strong and unshakable.

3) He is not a sort of man I would trust; he is false and dishonourable. A child usually has a deep trust in its mother.

4) Will you do me the honour of dining with me this evening? I feel highly honoured by the kind things you say about me. Will you honour me with a visit?

5) We live in hopes of better times. You are my last hope; if you won’t help I am ruined. We hope to see you soon. We have good hope that Kate will be among the best students of the University.

3. Texts and Exercises on the Texts

Text A. Look through the text and find the paragraphs in which the author describes:

1) Charles 1, his appearance, good and bad qualities; 2) his supporters, the Royalists; 3) his enemies, the Parliamentarians; 4) Oliver Cromwell.

Define the main idea of the text.

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