I. Translate the words and phrases in brackets into English using the box. Then answer the questions that follow

Write a composition about one of the environmental problems from the given list. In the first paragraph, describe the problem and its consequences. In the second paragraph, offer several ways to help solve the problem.

Model:

One of the biggest problems in my city is how to dispose of all the garbage that is being produced. The city landfills are nearly full and …

The best way to solve this problem is to recycle more garbage. We should set up centers to collect papers, bottles, and other things that can be recycled. Another way …

The following phrases can be helpful:

One thing to do about it is…

Another way to stop them is…

The best way to help is…

What is more, further more, apart from this, in addition to this, besides(this), … not to mention the fact…

Indeed, naturally, obviously, needless to say, it a fact that…, as a matter of fact, actually, in practice…

Finally, lastly, all in all, taking everything into account/consideration, on the whole, all things considered, in conclusion, on balance, for the above mentioned reasons, therefore I feel that…, to sum up…

List of environmental problems:

1. Automobile pollution has lowered the air quality in the city.
2. Air pollution is threatening the health of older people and children.
3. The burning of gas, oil, and coal has created acid rain.
4. Drinking water is being contaminated due to river pollution.
5. The growth of cities has eaten up huge amounts of farmland.
6. Poverty and overcrowding are ruining the lives of people in many cities.
7. The use of CFCs in products like hair spray has created a hole in the ozone layer.
8. The city landfills are full because the garbage is not being disposed of.

UNIT 12

REVISION AND EXTENSION

WORDS TO BE LEARNED AND USED

1.to chisel 2. to be under threat of smth 3. package tour 4. cultural site 5. to industrialize 6. to travel the globe 7. to go rafting 8. fume 9. to eat away at smth 10. replica 11. theme park 12. tourist ghetto 13. to abandon 14. to broaden 15. blissful 16. to boom 17. to choke 18. to conserve 19. eco-tourist 20. endangered species 21. fragile 22. to go easy on smth 23. hiking trails 24. irreversible 25. to mitigate the environmental assault 26. a payoff 27. to promote preservation 28. to sustain 29. trash (waste junk, debris, sewage, garbage) 30. biodiversity 31. species 32. extinction (to become extinct) 33. ecosystem 34. rainforest 35. liability 36. cultivated 37. to sow 38. balance of nature

39. natural habitat 40. to upset the balance 41. to store genetic resources 42. acid rain 43. greenhouse effect greenhouse gas 44. fossil fuel 45. leakage 46. water supply 47. to pollute (pollutant) 48. to dissolve 49. layer 50. incinerator 51. landfill site 52. to damage (to destroy, to mar, to spoil, to ruin, to harm) 53. to recycle 54. to discharge 55. to purify 56. fungus 57. fertilizer (fertility) 58. pesticide 59. to dump 60. to discard 61. hazardous 62. to pose (a problem) 63. to combat 64. to prey upon smb 65. pest 66. genetically engineered plants 67. deposit 68. motor vehicle 69. oil refinery 70. impurity 71. smog 72. poisonous 73. to reverse 74. to smelt 75. to expel 76. to alter

77. to release 78. nutrient 79. detergent 80. substance 81. to cleanse 82. to consume 83. to spill (spillage) 84. devastating 85. to evaporate 86. global warming 87. to trap 88. to absorb 89. to radiate 90. controversial 91. dense 92. soot 93. solar 94. surface 95. emission 96. device 97. shifts in plant and animal population 98. explosion 99. safety regulations 100. violation 101. side effects 102. fusion (to fuse) 103. fast-breeder 104. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 105. appropriate 106. to mishandle 107. to penetrate 108. to repel 109. fine 110. packaging (wrapping) 111. whaling 112. oil drilling 113. renewable 114. to reuse 115. to recycle

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