Principle

Ruling

Statute

Law

Find in the text and decide from the context what the word could mean, then choose the appropriate definition.

III. VOCABULARY STUDY

II. COMPREHENSION

Active vocabulary

law (international~)n adoption n

principle n prevent v

rule n maintain v

custom n recognize v

provision n enforcement n

ruling n resolve v

regulation n treaty n

statute n sovereign adj

create v

1. A. Give the definitions for the following terms and expressions or explain in other words:

1. international law;

2. long-standing customs;

3. enforcement of international law;

4. sovereign state;

5. diplomatic relations.

B. Answer the following questions using the information from the text:

1. What is the definition of international law?

2. What is international law aimed at?

3. How is international law implemented?

4. What are the subjects of international law?

5. What is the division of the rules of international law?

2. Complete the following sentences according to the information from the text:

1. International law is the law …

2. Some international law is also created by …

3. International law also aims …

4. Enforcement may be effectively achieved through …

5. International law began as a system …

6. The rules of international law are generally divided into laws …

7. The emergence of international human rights law and, more recently, international criminal law reflects the fact that individuals today …

8. Under international law, belligerents are forbidden …

3. Match the following legal terms with their definitions:

1. custom	a) having undisputed right to make decisions and act accordingly
2. rule	b) 1. a generally accepted practice or habit, convention; 2. long – established practice having the force of law
3. sovereign	c) a binding legal agreement or a moral responsibility
4. organization	d) an association or society of people working together to some end
5. obligation	e) an accepted method of behaviour or procedure

1. a custom or practice recognized as binding by a community, esp. as a result of having been so decreed by the governing authority

2. an aspect of such customs or practices or a body of customs or practices applicable to a specific group, community

1. a law passed by a legislative body and formally placed on record in a written or printed form

2. the written or printed record of the law

3. an ordinance of some chartered body, corporation.

1. an authoritative decision

2. the act of someone who rules

1. a law of nature as formulated and accepted by the mind

2. the acceptance of moral law as a guide to behavior

3. a rule by which a person chooses to govern his conduct, often forming part of a code

4. an essential truth upon which other truths are based

2. Choose the right preposition in brackets according to the contents of the sentences (after, of, before, for, from, in).

· 1. Many of the customs of the international relations have existed… hundreds of years. … example, the ancient Greeks protected foreign ambassadors …mistreatment, even in wartime. For about 2000 years, nations have given ambassadors similar protection.

· 2. Traditional international law developed various doctrines and institutions that were designed to protect different groups … human beings: slaves, minorities, certain native populations, foreign nationals, victims of very massive violations.

3. … the period of Rome’s dominance of the ancient world, there was emerged rules governing the relations between Rome and the various nations or peoples with which it had contact.

· 4. Treaties, the immunities of ambassadors, and certain laws are to be found many centuries … the dawn of Christianity, in ancient Egypt and India.

· 5. The modern system of international law is a product … only the last four hundred years.

6. … a legislative body passes a law for a nation or a state, police enforce the laws, and people who break them are tried in courts.

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