Passive Voice

Страдательный залог

Видовременные формы английского глагола в активном залоге.

Present

Past

Future

Every day, usually, every year, seldom …

Yesterday, last time, last year, a week ago, when…

Tomorrow, next time, next year, in a week…

Simple

I You We They

play write   plays writes

I You We They He She

played wrote

I We You will (‘ll)play They will (‘ll)write He She

He She

Do

I you we they

play? write?

Did

I you we they he she

play? write?

I we Willyou they he she

play? write?

Does

he she

I You do notplay We (don’t)write They   He does notplay She (doesn’t)write

I You We did notplay They (didn’t) write He She

I We You will notplay They (won’t)write He She

At the moment, now

At that time, yesterday, at 5 o’clock, when he came

Tomorrow, at this time, this time, next Monday

Progressive (be + ing – form)

I

am

playing writing

I He She

was

playing writing

I We be playing He will (‘ll) She be writing You They

You We They

are

We You They

were

He She

is

Am

I

playing? writing?

Was

I he she

playing? writing?

I we be playing? Will he she be writing? you they

Are

you we they

Were

we you they

Is

he she

I am not   You We are notplaying They (aren’t)writing He is not She (isn’t)

I He was not She (wasn’t) playing You writing We were not They (weren’t)

I We He will notbe playing She (won’t) be writing You They

Today, already, yet, this week (month, year), never, recently, since…

By 5 o’clock, by the end of…, when he came

By this time, next Monday, as soon as, he came

Prefect (have + V3)

I You We They

have

played written

I You We They He She

had

played written

I We have played You will He have written She They

He She

has

I Havewe you they Hashe she

played? written?

Had

I we you they he she

played? written?

I we played? Willyou have they written? he she

I You have not We (haven’t) They played written He has not She (hasn’t)

I You We had notplayed They(hadn’t) written He She

I We have played You will not He (won’t) She have played They

Present

Past

Future

Present

Past

Since then, for an hour, already, for a long time… How long...? Since when…?

Since the time when, before…

Perfect Progressive (have been + ing – from)

I You We They

have

been playing been writing

I You We They He She

had been

playing writing

He She

has

Have

I You We They

been playing? been writing?

Had

I You We They He She

been playing? been writing?

Has

He She

I You We They

have not

been playing been writing

I You We They He She

have not been (haven’t) has hot been (hasn’t)

playing writing

He She

has not

Страдательный залог показывает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а подвергается действию другого лица или предмета. Если указано кем произведено действие, то употребляется предлог by, если указано чем производится действие (с помощью чего), то употребляется предлог with. Например: Radio was invented by Popov. – Радио было изобретено Поповым.

Rice is eaten with chopsticks in China. – Рис едят палочками в Китае.

Форма страдательного глагола образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и причастием II смыслового глагола.

	Действительный залог	Страдательный залог
	Present Simple
Утвердительное	I ask – Я спрашиваю	I am asked – Меня спрашивают
Отрицательное	I don’t ask - Я не спрашиваю	I am not asked – Меня не спрашивают
Вопросительное	Do I ask? - Я спрашиваю?	Am I ask? - Меня спрашивают?
	Past Simple
Утвердительное	I asked – Я спрашивал	I was asked – Меня спрашивали
Отрицательное	I didn’t ask – Я не спрашивал	I was not asked – Меня не спрашивали
Вопросительное	Did I ask? - Я спрашивал?	Was I asked?
	Future Simple
Утвердительное	I will ask – Я спрошу	I will be asked– Меня спросят
Отрицательное	I will not ask – Я не спрошу	I will not be asked– Меня не спросят
Вопросительное	Will I ask? – Я спрошу?	Will I be asked? – Меня спросят?
	Present Perfect
Утвердительное	I have asked – Я спросил	I have been asked –Меня спросили
Отрицательное	I have not asked – Я не спросил	I have not been asked– Меня не спросили
Вопросительное	Have I asked? – Я спросил?	Have I been asked?– Меня спросили?

Видовременные формы английского глагола в пассивном залоге.

	Passive
	Simple	Progressive	Perfect	Perfect Progressive
Present	спрашивают обычно, всегда, каждый день am is asked are	спрашивают сейчас, в данный момент, всё ещё am is being asked are	спросили уже, только что (результат) have been asked has	Вместо отсутствующих форм Perfect Progressive употребляются формы Perfect
Past	спросили, был спрошен вчера, когда-либо в прошлом was asked were	спрашивали когда я приехал was being asked were	спросили, был спрошен к тому моменту, уже have been asked has
Future	спросят, будет опрошен завтра will (shall) be asked	вместо отсутствующей формы Future Progressive употребляется Future Simple	спросят, будет спрошен к определенному моменту в будущем will have been asked
Инфинитив	be V3	be being V3	have been V3

Дата добавления: 2014-12-10