C. Specialized

B. Several uses (many or one terminals, modern variant is thin-client)

D. Microcomputers

B. Application interface

A. User interface

E. Object of the real world (multimedia technology).

D. Knowledge (expert systems)

К. ЯСПЕРС

В течение более чем полувека все настойчивее ставится вопрос о ситуации времени; каждое поколение отвечало на этот вопрос для своего мгновения. Однако если раньше угроза нашему духовному миру ощущалась лишь немногими людьми, то с начала войны этот вопрос встает едва ли не перед каждым человеком...

...Вопрос о современной ситуации человека как результате его становления и его шансов в будущем поставлен теперь острее, чем когда-либо. В ответах предусматривается возможность гибе­ли и возможность подлинного начинания, но решительный ответ не дается.

4. By type of user interface:

c. System interface

d. Command line interface

e. WIMP-interface.

f. SILK-interface.

2. Stages of development of information technology.

1. Manual (pen, inkwell, book).

2. Mechanical (typewriter, telephone, voice recorder, equipped with more sophisticated means of delivering mail

3. Electrical (mainframe computers and software, electric typewriters, copiers, portable recorders).

4. Electronical (mainframe computers and automated control systems (ACS) which is created on their basis and information retrieval systems (IRS), equipped with a wide range of basic and specialized software systems

5. Computer or new (personal computer with a wide range of standard software for different purposes).

3. Information, data, knowledge. Kinds and properties of information.

Data – is set of raw facts.

Information – is a collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value for us.

Knowledge – is the understanding of a set of information and ways how it can be useful

Information must be (properties):

· Useful

· Timely

· Precise

· Economical

· True

Information kinds:

· Alphanumeric

· Image

· Audio

· Video

4. Coding of information.

We have 3 types of coding information. They are:

1. Decimal - positional number system on base of 10 integer. It uses the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 (10,11,12,13,14,15,16).

2. Binary - an example of a binary image recorded bytes, where 1 bit is 1 pixel (binary, hexadecimal, graphical views).

3. Hexadecimal. It uses the digits 0 through 9 and the first six Latin letters - A (10), B (11), C (12), D (13), E (14), F (15).

5. Types of computers.

1. By size and computer power:

a. Super computers (state);

b. Mainframes (company);

c. Minicomputers (factory);

2. By Uses:

a. One uses;

3. By specialization:

a. Universal;

b. Method-oriented;

6. John von Neumann’s architecture of computer.

The Von Neumann architecture of computer describes a design for an electronic digital computer consisted of a processing unit (arithmetic, logic, unit and processor registers); a control unit (instruction register and program counter); a memory to store both data and instructions, external mass storage; and input and output mechanisms.

7. John von Neumann’s principles

1. The principle of uniformity of memory. Commands and data are stored in the same memory and memory externally indistinguishable.

2. The principle of targeting. The principle is that memory consists of numbered cells where at any moment any cell is available for processor.

3. The principle of program management. All calculations provided by the algorithm for solving the problem, should be presented in the form of a program consisting of a sequence of control words - commands.

4. The principle of binary coding. According to this principle, all information, both data and commands is coded by binary digits 0 and 1.

8. Architecture of personal computer.

Inside any computer are the following elements: Power unit, Motherboard, Central Processing Unit, RAM, Video card, Network card, Audio card, Hard disk, CD/DVD drive, Air cooler.

9. Types of computer memory. RAM, ROM, HDD.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-16