Northern Ireland

Scotland

Discharging his duties through the Crown Office, the Lord Advocate is responsible for prosecutions in the High Court of Justiciary, sheriff courts and district courts. There is no general right of private prosecution; with a few minor exceptions crimes and offences may be prosecuted only by the Lord Advocate or his deputies or by the procurators fiscal, who are the Lord Advocate’s local officials. The permanent adviser to the Lord Advocate on prosecution matters is the Crown Agent, who is head of the procurator fiscal service and is assisted in the Crown Office by a staff of legally qualified civil servants, all of whom have had experience as deputy procurators fiscal. Prosecutions in the High Court are prepared by procurators fiscal and Crown Office official and prosecuted by the Lord Advocate, the Solicitor-General for Scotland (the Lord Advocate’s ministerial deputy) and advocates deputy who are collectively known as Crown Counsel. Crimes prepared and tried before the sheriff and district courts, procurators fiscal prosecute them. The police and other law enforcement agencies investigate crimes and offences and report to the procurator fiscal, who decides whether or not to prosecute, subject to the directions of the Crown Counsel.

Under the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1087 a procurator fiscal may make a conditional offer of fixed penalty to an alleged offender in respect of certain minor offences as an alternative to prosecution: the offender is not obliged to accept an offer but if he or she does so the prosecution loses the tight to prosecute.

The Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland, who is responsible to the Attorney General, prosecutes all offences tried on indictment, and may do so in summary cases of a serious nature. Other summary offences are prosecuted by the police.

Task 22. Answer the questions on the text “Criminal Courts”:

1. Who is responsible for beginning criminal proceeding in England and Wales?

2. Where do the police pass the papers after they have brought a criminal charge?

3. Who decides whether or not too bring proceedings in Scotland?

4. May a private person institute criminal proceedings?

5. Is it interesting to know if police may issue cautions in England and Wales?

6. When and what for was the Serious Fraud Office established?

7. What is known to you about the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985?

8. What are the duties of the Director of Public Prosecutions?

9. What do you know about the structure of the Crown Prosecution Service?

10. What does the Service provide lawyers to do?

11. What cases do the headquarters of the Service deal with?

12. Which offences are included into the category of national importance?

13. What can you say about the duties of the Lord Advocate in Scotland?

14. What are the functions of the Crown Agent in Scotland?

15. Who prepares prosecutions in the High Court?

16. How are the cases prepared in Scotland before the sheriff and district courts?

17. What do you know about the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987?

18. How are Public Prosecutions exercised in Northern Ireland?

Task 23. Pick out from the text “Criminal Courts” all the word combinations with the following words (terms) & give their Ukrainian equivalents:

– proceeding – criminal – prosecution; to prosecute – procurator – charge – offence

– court – service – case – local – responsible – advocate

Task 24. Read and memories the active vocabulary to the text “Criminal Courts”:

1. prosecution n to appear for the prosecution	1) судове переслідування; 2) пред’явлення позову; 3) обвинувачення виступати від імені позивача чи бути свідком обвинувачення
2. procurator fiscal(in Scotland)	судообвинувач, судовиконувач
3. institute v to institute legal proceedings against sb.	починати, встановлювати
4. warn v	попереджати, застерігати
5. brief v	доручати (адвокату) ведення справи у суді
6. barrister n (in English law)	адвокат, баристер
7. avoid v	1) уникати, вступатися; 2) ухилятися; 3) скасовувати, анулювати
9. breach n breach of justice breach of prison breach of privilege breach of the peace a breach of loyalty, trust, protocol to breach	порушення (закону, зобов’язань) несправедливість втеча з в’язниці порушення прав парламента порушення громадського порядку порушувати
9. conspiracy n (to sth./to do sth.) to conspire	1) конспірація; 2) змова, таємний зговір; 3) таємна підпільна організація влаштовувати змову, таємно задумувати, змовлятися
10. discharge v	1) тут виконувати (обов’язки); 2) звільняти (ув’язненого); 3) звільняти, давати розрахунок; 4) реабілітувати, поновлювати у правах
11. adviser n (also esp US – advisor) (to sb.) (on sth.) advice	радник     порада
12. penalty n	покарання, стягнення, штраф
13. alleged adj to allege	підозрюваний 1) посилатися на виправдання, на доказ; 2)стверджувати (без підстав)

Дата добавления: 2014-12-17