Glossary

approximate – приближаться, близкий attach – прикреплять, прилагать competing – конкурирующий confidant – друг, наперсник consequently – следовательно, поэтому considerable – значительный, важный correspondingly – соответственно demand – требовать dynamic – активный, действующий identify – отождествлять, определять incompatibility – несочетаемость, несовместимость integrate – объединять, интегрировать interact – взаимодействовать interaction – взаимодействие involve – вовлекать, привлекать maintain – поддерживать, сохранять multiple – многочисленный, составной obligation – гарантия, обязательство occupy – занимать relational – родственный, относительный role expectation – ожидание роли role set – ряд ролей status set – ряд статусов strain – напряжение vary – менять, изменять

III. Answer the following questions:

l.When do the individuals perform roles? 2.What is called a role expectation? З.Аге role performance and role expectation the same or different notions? 4.Does a person have more roles or statuses? 5.What is the difference between role strain and role conflict?

IV. Make up 5 types of questions:

1. A role is described as the dynamic expression of a status. 2. Actual role performance usually varies from role expectation. 3. Individuals occupy many statuses at one time. 4. People perform multiple roles. 5. A person has more roles than statuses. 6. Roles attached to different statuses often demand incompatible patterns of behaviour.

V. Explain:

1. the difference between «role» and «status»; 2. the cause of «role strain»; 3. the reason of «role conflict».

VI. Summarize the contents of the text in 10 sen­tences.

VII. Identify a number of roles played by:

1) your parents; 2) your close friend; 3) your neighbour; 4) you personally.

VIII. Read the text and give its general idea in Rus­sian:

Dramaturgical Analysis: «The Presentation of Self»

Dramaturgical analysis is the analysis of social interaction as if it were a theatrical performance. This approach to the study of social interaction is closely associated with the work of Erving Goffman (1922-1980). Goffman agreed that people socially construct reality, but emphasized that in doing so, they make use of various elements of social structure. Thus, like a director carefully scrutinizing actors on a stage, Goffman sought to identify social structures that are used over and over again.

Dramaturgical analysis provides a fresh look at two now familiar concepts. A status is very much like a part in a play, and a role can be compared to a script that supplies dialogue and action to each of the characters. Roles are performed in countless settings that are like a stage in a theatre, and are observed by various audiences. The heart of Goffman's analysis is the process he called the presentation of self, which means the ways in which individuals, in various settings, attempt to create specific impressions in the minds of others. This process is also called impression management, and contains a number of common elements.

IX. Answer the questions:

1. What problem does the text deal with? 2. What kind of analysis is dramaturgical analysis? 3. What does «the presentation of self» mean? 4. What is the other name for it?

X. Play these roles, please:

1. You are the young mother and leader of the Ecology Committee. You want your children to grow up in a clean, traffic-free environment. You are trying to explain your position to a social worker who has come for the permission of a new traffic route in your residential area.

2. You are a sociologist. You are interviewing a married couple that decided to take a child from a foundling home. Find out about their background, and what they can offer a child. Find out why they want to adopt him, and if they are aware of the problems that may arise. Remember, this is a difficult situation for all involved, so your questions should be less direct and more tactful than usual.

3. You are interviewing a newly-married couple. Try to find out tactfully about their likes and dislikes. Give them some advice if necessary.

XI. Find in the texts English equivalents for:

соответствующий; приближаться; посредством; од­новременно; ряд ролей; вести хозяйство; частичный перечень; несовместимость; следовательно; тесно свя­зан; снова и снова; суть анализа.

XII. Read and translate the following words and their derivatives:

interact - interaction - interactant - interacting correspond - correspondence - corresponding - correspondingly respond - response - respondent perform - performance expect - expectation - expectancy relate - relation - relational - relative - relatively introduce - introduction - introductory incompatible - incompatibility analyze - analysis - analyst

XIII. Read and translate the following sentences:

1. The problem must be explained in terms of dialectical materialism. 2. By means of this definition he managed to explicate the issue. 3. They pointed to the drawbacks of his theory by means of a new hypothesis. 4. In terms of his viewpoint the scholar solved this complicated problem. 5. He analyzed the phenomenon of creativity in terms of the new approach. 6. By means of his analysis they made a correct conclusion. 7. In terms of his interpretation the issue was properly examined.

XIV. Make up questions and ask your friend on:

What is... associated with? What are... associated with?

XV. Complete the following sentences:

1. Single parents experience role conflict in.... 2. I experienced hardships while.... 3. He experiences true feelings toward.... 4. Recent years experienced great transformations in.... 5. I experience joy when.... 6. They experience troubles in....

XVI. Answer:

l.What do you experience when you receive a letter from your girl — (boy-) friend? 2. -----------------you are telling a lie? 3. ------------------hen you cannot get tickets for a concert? 4. ------------------when your friend deceives you? 5. ------------------if you fail at an examination? 6. ------------------ when you meet your favourite actor (actress)?

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