Соедините главные предложения с придаточными

T) Изучите таблицу и затем переведите следующие наречия.

Укажите, жжкме предложены соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

1. The process of sedimentation is called weathering.

2. The change in temperature causes physical weathering.

3. As a rule during the night rocks expand.

4. When freezing water decreases in volume and develops enor­
mous lateral pressure.

5. The decomposition of rocks is due to the influence of heat and
cold.

6. As a rule water contains_dissolved mineral substances.

7. The solvent action of water is stronger when it does not con­
tain carbon dioxide.

Unit 4

8. It should be noticed that the action of organisms and plants is
destructive.

9. Certain marine organisms accelerate the destruction of rocks.

33. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What process ia called weathering?

2. What process is called physical weathering?

3. Where can the phenomenon of physical weathering be best
observed?

4. What process is called chemical weathering?

5. What substances can act as solvents?

6. Are all minerals and rocks resistant to the action of natural
waters or only few minerals and rocks can resist the action of water?

7. How do organisms act on the destruction of rocks?

34. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих слов
и сочетаний слов:

1. the Earth's surface

2. to be composed of

different minerals

3. the expansion of rocks

4. changes in temperature

5. under the influence

of heat

6. weathering

7. destructive forces

8. a great number of

fractures

9. to penetrate into fissures

а) под влиянием тепла

б) разрушительные силы

в) выветривание

г) большое количество
трещин

д) состоять из различных

минералов с) расширение пород

ж) проникать в трещины

з) изменения температуры
и) поверхность земли

б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих слов и сочетаний слов:

1. увеличиваться в объеме

2. развивать боковое

давление

3. способствовать разруше-

нию пород

4. подвергаться гниению

5. растворять вещества

6. сопротивляться (чему-л.)

7. некоторые органические

вещества

8. ускорять процесс

выветривания

9. куски породы различных

размеров

а) to facilitate the decomposition

of rocks

б) to increase in volume

в) to resist (smth)

r) rock pieces of varied (different) sizes

д) to accelerate the process of

weathering

е) to be subjected to decay

ж) to dissolve substances

з) to develop lateral pressure
и) certain organic substances

Unit 4

35. а) Внимательно прочитайте материал в рамке и назовите признаки приведенных ниже существительных:

Определители существительных Артикли — a, an, the.

Указательные местоимения — this — these, that — those. Притяжательные местоимения — my, his, her, its, our и т.д. Притяжательный падеж имени существительного —

Britain's deposits.

Неопределенные местоимения — some, any, each, every. Количественные местоимения — many, much, (a) little,

(a) few, a lot of и т.д. Количественные и порядковые числительные — two

countries, the third place. Предлоги — after, at, before, in, on, with и т.д.

our country, the country, any country, each country, many countries, these countries, a small country, whose country, two big countries;

the discovery, after the discovery, each discovery, such discov­eries, what discovery, few discoveries, a new discovery

б) Назовите признаки, позволяющие определить, какой частью речи яв­ляются приведенные слова:

their study — they study; the use — we use; the increase — they increase; coal output decrease — coal output decreases; the last lec­tures — the lectures last; this place — it places; the raw material bases — the country bases its economy on...

36. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, выбрав из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов соответствующее слово:

1. There are... causes of weathering, but... depends on the
change in temperature, (many, much)

2. As is known, only... minerals and rocks are resistant to the
action of natural waters, (little, few)

3. The roots of plants developed... pressure which did not frac­
ture overlaying rocks, (little, few)

4. A new geological map of the region will appear in a... years.
(little, few)

5.... minerals undergo changes. They have already undergone...
transformation, (пищу, much)

6. Now there are... sources of energy as important as atomic
energy, (little, few)

Unit 4

Значение	Суффикс и его произношение	Пример	Перевод
обозначает признак действия	-1у [И]	badly easily	плохо легко
обозначает направление	-ward(s) [W8d(Z)l	forward inward	вперед внутрь

uniformly, gradually, greatly, hardly, purely, finally, slowly, highly, generally, simultaneously, backward, eastward, homeward

б) Заполните пропуски в предложениях, выбирая одно из данных в скобках наречий.

1. Rocks are... composed of different minerals, (purely, easily,
generally)

2. The expansion and contraction of rocks do not occur... and at
an equal rate, (hardly, uniformly, highly)

3. Rocks are... transformed into gravel, (greatly, slowly, simulta­
neously)

4. Water facilitates the decomposition of rocks.... (greatly, hardly,
highly)

5. At the beginning of rock decomposition cracks or fissures are
... noticeable (highly, purely, hardfy), but gradually they become wider
and deeper and... rock is transformed into gravel, sand and dust.
(uniformly, greatfy, finally)

6. The method is... experimental, (simultaneously, purely, uni­
formly)

38. Переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на место предлога в русском предложении:

1. The world fossil which means "organic materials accumulated
in the geologic past" was originally referred to anything that was dug
(to dig — добывать) from the ground.

2. The decomposition of rocks is influenced by many factors.

3. A large expedition will soon be organized to study the Earth's
depth. It should be noted that later the expedition will be followed
by another one.

Unit 4_____________________________________________ 107

39. Прочтите следующий текст. Найдите в каждом предложении
группу «подлежащее-сказуемое». Переведите предложения с глаголом-ска­
зуемым в страдательном залоге:

The book Planet Earth, an Encyclopedia of Geology is often referred to because it gives much information on the geological his­tory of the Earth, the rocks of Earth, the processes which occur in the Earth, etc. For example, sedimentary rocks form a small proportion by volume of the rocks of the Earth's crust. They are formed from sediments, accumulations of solid material. The oldest sedimentary rocks were known some 3,500 million years ago. The processes which lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks are going on around us and different sediments are being deposited and may later be changed into rocks. Most sedimentary rocks have been classified according to their grains size. Great attention is also paid to the rocks of the oceans because they are less studied.

40. Укажите, в каких предложениях модальный глагол употребляется с
инфинитивом в страдательном залоге. Переведите предложения:

1. We can observe physical weathering in deserts and high
mountains. This phenomenon can best be observed in places where
the changes in temperature are great.

2. Sedimentary rocks can be more or less unconsolidated during
the process of sedimentation.

3. Sedimentary rocks can be found at or near the surface of the
Earth.

4. Igneous activity can be considered as one of the most funda­
mental Earth processes.

5. As is known, igneous rocks can be extrusive and intrusive.

6. Like sands, sandstones can be divided into fine-grained, me­
dium-grained and coarse-grained.

7. One can divide all sediments into consolidated and unconsoli­
dated rocks.

1. Rock disintegration does a) whereas with the fall of
not occur uniformly and night they begin to con-
at an equal rate tract.

2. Under the influence of 6) until they are finally trans-
contraction and expans- formed into sand, gravel or
ion rock cracks are dust.

formed в) because it does not cause

108________________________________________ Unit 4

3. During the day under any change in the chemical
the influence of heat, composition of rocks,
rocks expand r) which gradually become

4. Physical weathering can wider and deeper.

best be observed in the д) as rocks are composed of
deserts different minerals.

5. Rocks gradually decom- e) where the changes in tern-
pose perature are great.

6. The process of physical
weathering is purely
mechanical

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