И) химический распад

Particles of a substance з) осадочные породы

Pre-glacial period ж) существующие породы

Stratified deposits e) алеврит и сланец

Sedimentary rocks д) частицы вещества

Chemical decay зернистый) песок

Existing rocks г) крупнозернистый (грубо-

The destructive action б) пластовые месторождения

Siltstone and shale воды

Coarse-grained sand а) разрушительная сила

Обнаженные породы и) to solidify, to consolidate

Подобно гипсу з) igneous rocks

Затвердевать ж) consolidated sediments

Мелкозернистый песок е) like gypsum

Уплотненные осадки г) exposed rocks

Растворяться в воде б) fine-grained sand

Земная кора a) sandstone

Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих слов и сочетаний слов.

Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

1. The rocks of the Earth's crust are divided into two main
groups.

2. Igneous rocks are composed of particles of pre-existing
rocks.

3. Sedimentary rocks are stratified.

4. Sediments are formed by the action of glaciers.

5. Igneous rocks make up 75 per cent of exposed rocks.

6. Conglomerates are formed as a result of the accumulation
of materials caused by the destructive mechanical action of water.

7. Sandstones are consolidated rocks.

8. Clays are unconsolidated mechanical sediments.

9. Chemical sediments are formed by the destructive chemical
action of water.

10. Peat and coal are the organic sediments which иге of great
practical value.

11. Clay schist was formed at the beginning of the sedimenta­
tion period and clay was formed later.

Unit 4______________________________________________ 93

10. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What main groups of rocks do you know?

2. Do sedimentary rocks consist of particles of pre-existing
rocks?

3. How were igneous rocks formed?

4. Do you know how sedimentary rocks have originated?

5. What is the most important characteristic feature of sedi­
ments?

6. Do sedimentary rocks account for 10 per cent of the Earth's
crust?

7. Is gravel a consolidated mechanical sediment? And what about
sand and clay?

What are cementing substances? Can calcium carbonate be
used as a cementing substance?

8. Are there only fine-grained sandstones?

10. What can you say about chemical sediments?

11. Can you give an example of organic sediments? How are they
formed?

3. песчаник в) the Earth's crust

5. изверженные породы д) to dissolve in water

б) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов.

of water в) доледниковый период

94 Unit 4

12. Заполните пропуски • предложениях, используя следующие слои.

а) consolidate consolidation consolidated «consolidated

1.... is the process of cementation of loose fragments of sedimen­
tary rocks.

2. As is known, sedimentary rocks... under the pressure of over­
laying beds.

3. Limestone, for example, is the... rock which occupies vast
areas of the Earth's surface.

4. Gravel, sand and clay form the group of... mechanical sedi­
ments, because they consist of loose uncemented particles.

б) stratify stratification stratified

1. Bedding or... is the most characteristic feature of sedimentary
rocks.

2. Coal is a... deposit that has been developed from plant re­
mains.

3. Coals... by the decay of organic material.

4. As a result of physical, chemical or biochemical changes veg­
etable remains are... and changed into peat or coal, micro-organisms
remains changed into mineral oil, bones into phosphorite, etc.

13. Подберите из списков А и Б близкие ио значению слои:

A. to consist of Б. solidified

to differ stratified, layered

bedded to realize

consolidated to transform

to change matter

substance to be like

to be similar (to) to finish

to complete to vary

to understand to be composed of

14. Переведите следующие предложены, обращая витание на перевод
неопределенных местоимений some, any и их производных:

1. Have you any books on geology?

2. There is some interesting information about the internal struc­
ture of the Earth.

3. The rock near the Earth's centre is somewhere between 10 and
IS times as dense (плотный) as water.

4. Igneous rocks, more than any other kind of rocks show that
the Earth is still changing.

5. Is there anybody in the lab? — Yes, there is. There is some­
body there.

6. In some cases limestone is a clastic (обломочный) rock.

Unit 4______________________________________________ 95

15. Вставьте в предложены some/any/no/someone/anyone/no one/somebody/
anybody/nobody/somethtng/anything/notking/somewhere/anywhere/nowhere.

1. Do you live_____ in the centre?

2. There's_____ at the door. Can you go and see who it is?

3. Why are you looking under the table? Have you lost___?

4. He left the house without saying_____ to______.

5. The film is really great. You can ask_____ who has seen it.

6. Can you give me______ information about places to see in

the town?

7. "Where did you go for your holidays?" — "_______ I stayed

at home."

8. There were_____ shops open.

9. We had to walk because there was____ bus.

10. The station is______ near here.

16. Вставьте it или there по смыслу.

1. Is______ raining hard?

2. Are_____ many beautiful buildings on this street?

3. _____ is almost three o'clock.

4. _____ is hard to learn English in such a short time.

5. _____ is no place like home.

6. _____ was almost eight o'clock when they arrived.

7.______ is someone at the door, isn't there?

8. _____ were not many students in class today.

9. _____ are only 28 days in February.

17. Закличете предложения, используя конструкцию there + be.

There is_____ There are several______

There are_____ Is there______

There was_____ Are there______

There were_____ There isn't______

There will be____________ There aren't______

18. Определите, в каких предложениях употреблены глаголы в страдательном залоге. Переведите предложения:

1. Geologists divided the rocks of the Earth into three main classes or
types. They are divided into sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic
rocks.

2. Gravel, sand and clay form the group of unconsolidated mechani­
cal sediments. They are formed-by the destructive action of water and
wind.

3. Coal is used as fuel. People have used coal as fuel for a long time.

Unit 4

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