Прочитайте текст В и скажите, о чем ои

To take part In; to solve important problems; to keep in close touch with; to make a contribution (to); to take into consideration (to take into account); to design; reliable winning complex

To carry out, to continue, to work, to develop, to create, to apply, to plan, to perform, to calculate, to work out

Instead of because of by means of due to according to (in accordance with)

1. The rapid and much more accurate identification of new
reserves and the ability to establish their quality, faulting, folding,
mode of occurrence, etc. have become possible... the reliability of
new geological information.

2. In the most promising coal-producing areas the rail and road
transport systems are used... the complicated geological conditions.

3. Steel supports are widely used now... timber supports.

4. Wheel scrapers are earth-moving units which are pulled... a

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drawbar (тяговый крюк) on the tractor, and its digging -is controlled by the tractor.

5. Scrapers find wide application... their high degree of mobility, high production rates, and their limited requirements for auxiliary support equipment.

34. Употребите данные в скобках глаголы в соответствующей форме:

l.The mechanization and automation of underground processes (будет проводиться) on the basis of a wider use of winning complexes, powered roof supports, remote and automatic control and other modern equipment.

2. For this very purpose different cutter-loaders, winning
complexes, loaders, pumps, fans, equipment for setting supports,
etc. (создаются).

3. Now a wider use of conveyer belts for level and inclined
workings and other means of automation (планируется).

4. Ore deposits (разрабатываются) by the underground and
open-cast methods.

5. Automated systems of planning and control (применяются)
in the mining industry.

6. Automated systems of planning and control (подсчитыва­
ют) wages, efficiency and (производят) other engineering
calculations.

35. Переведите предложения, используя следующие разговорные фор­
мулы:

1. Научно-исследовательские институты поддерживают тесную связь с
шахтами и карьерами.

2. Ученые и инженеры принимают активное участие в проектировании
и создании надежных добычных комплексов, мощных экскаваторов и драг­
лайнов, различных насосов и бурового оборудования.

3. Кроме того, они решают важные проблемы, связанные с современ­
ными способами транспортировки полезного ископаемого на поверхности,
принимая во внимание геологические условия месторождения.

4. Русские ученые внесли большой вклад в разработку методов добычи
полезных ископаемых.

36. Суммируйте содержание текста Б по следующему плану:
1. The importance of working economic minerals.

234 _____________________________________________ Unit 9

2. The main factors to be considered in choosing the methods
of working ore deposits.

3. Mine development work.

4. Different types of equipment used in working ore deposits.

37. Переведите в косвенную речь. Начните предложения словами: Не

(she) said/asked/told them/wanted to know:

1. "I love you."

2. "I can swim."

3. "I don't want to go."

4. "We'll be late."

5. "I didn't recognize you."

6. "Where r^ave you been?"

7. "Did youisee him yesterday?"

8. "Was your operation successful?"

9. "When dcies the train arrive?"
10. "Who didlyou see there?"

38. Повторите правило согласования времен и переведите на английский:

1. Преподаватель попросил меня дать определение геологии как науки.

2. Он спросил меня, какие основные методы добычи полезных
ископаемых я знаю.

3. Он сказал мне, что не знает значения слова infrastructure.

4. Профессор рассказал нам о том, как живут и учатся студенты-
геологи в Англии.

5. Он спросил меня, могу ли я рассказать по-английски, что случилось
со мной утром.

6. Она спросила меня, что я думаю об этой книге и понравилась ли
она мне.

7. Он позвонил и сказал, что приедет на следующий день.

8. Председательствующий (The Chairman) попросил меня суммировать
мнения, высказанные участниками конференции.

9. Он спросил меня, где я работал, прежде чем поступил в институт.
10. Они объяснили нам, как пройти к музею и где купить билеты.

В

ТЕКСТ В Mining and the Environment

It should be stressed that effects of mining on the environment are twofold: firstly, there are direct effects arising from mining as a physical activity, which include disturbances of the land surface and

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accumulation of waste. Secondly, there are indirect destructive effects resulting from treatment of mineral products, such as coal burning, ore processing, smelting and other metallurgical processes. These frequently result in contamination 0f soil and ground water, pollution of the.atmosphere and an adverse effect on vegetation and wildlife. Mining, especially open-pit mining, deforms the surface of the land and creates a large amount of waste materials which contain hazardous substances that pollute water and soil. Water from mining and concentration operations may contaminate the subsoil and rivers into which it flows. Most serious of all are gases produced by smelting, which may not only contaminate the air in the region of the smelter, but affect lakes and vegetation hundreds of miles away through the creation of acid rain.

There is one more point which affects the environment. It concerns the transport of coal representing one component of the complete coal cycle — from exploration and extraction of the fuel, through refining and processing storage and finally its conversion to an end-use product for consumers. Coal transportation is executed by train, truck (lorry), water (on rivers, canals, lakes, etc.) and slurry pipeline or conveyer belt. Environmental impacts of coal transport occur during loading or unloading. For example, rail transport and trucks cause damage to buildings, highways and other places.

Accidents are associated with all forms of transport. Besides, the transport of coal in all its forms involves dust, even though special measures are increasingly taken. Emission of coal particulate and other air pollutants occur during loading, unloading and during coal movement.

At the same time, research and development have provided greatly improved engineering and biological methods of land reclamation. It is necessary to say that land reclamation has emerged as a method of controlling the negative after-effects of extracting coal and other minerals. Land reclamation covers the problem of landscape redevelopment and the restoration of its productivity, ecological integrity, and economic and aesthetic value. The economic uses of reclaimed land depend on natural and socioeconomic factors of the locality. They may be orchards, meadows, parks, swimming pools, etc.

In recent years many industrial countries have developed and adopted laws, national programmes and specific policies for environmental protection. The basis of most laws applicable to the mining industry and its effect on land is to control land management.

236______________________________________________ Unit 9

protect resources and regulate land reclamation and landscape retraction. The principal impact of pollution regulations on the mining industry arises from regulations on emissions of CO₂ and other air pollutants from copper, lead and zinc smelters.

40. •) В каждом абзаце текста В найдите предложение, выражающее его
основную мысль. Озаглавьте каждый абзац.

б) Кратко передайте содержание текста В, используя следующие разговор-вые формулы:

The «object of the text is...; The text deals with...; It is pointed out that...; It should be stressed that...

41. Составьте 10 вопросов разного типа к тексту В и предложите вашим
товарищам дать на них ответы.

42. Обобщите информацию, полученную вами из текстов А и В. Напиши­
те краткий реферат для реферативного журнала.

43. а) Прочитайте следующее объявление о предстоящей конференции.
Слова для понимания текста:

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