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EXERCISES

Revision of Tenses

Exercise 1.

Choose the correct tense form of the verb.

My cousin’s name 1. ____ (is/ was) Emily Meadows. She 2. ____ (has lived/ lives) in Paris and 3. ____ (works/ is working) in a cafe in the centre of the city. She 4. ____ (has been working/ will work) there for three years. At the moment her best friend from England 5. ____ (is staying/ was staying) with her. She 6. ____ (has enjoyed/ is enjoying) her holiday very much. They 7. ____ (were already visiting/ have already visited) many museums together and they 8. ____ (have been/ are) to the theatre three times. Next week they 9. ____ (have seen/ are going to see) a film and then they 10. ____ (are having /are going to have) dinner at an expensive restaurant. Last Tuesday they 11. ____ (went/ had gone) to a disco with some friends of theirs. They 12. ____ (didn’t come/ wasn’t coming) home until very late. Emily 13. ____ (is/ was) so tired at work the following day that she 14. ____ (will spill/ spilt) coffee all over a customer. She doesn’t think she 15. ____ (will see/ has seen) him at the cafe again! In future she 16. ____ (won’t stay/ didn’t stay) out so late and she 17. ____ (is being/ will be) more careful while she is serving customers.

Exercise 2.

Choose the correct form of the verb from the box.

I 1. ____ round Europe all summer. It’s the first time I’ve ever been abroad, and I’ve had a fantastic time! I 2. ____ loads of interesting places and I 3. ____ also ____ loads of new friends. I 4. ____ to stay in touch with them now I’m back. One of them, Giselle, is French. She 5. ____ on holiday too. We now 6. ____ text messages to each other all the time. They’re usually in English because my French isn’t very good! I 7. ____ to visit her in France next year sometime. I hope I can. I 8. ____ meeting people from other countries! I 9. ____ to have lots of friends from all over the world! Travelling certainly 10. ____ the mind but it also 11. ____ your circle of friends!

1.	a) travel	b) have been travelling	c) am travelling
2.	a) have seen	b) will see	c) have been seeing
3.	a) made	b) have __ made	c) make
4.	a) will be deciding	b) decide	c) have decided
5.	a) was	b) have been	c) were
6.	a) sent	b) have been sending	c) send
7.	a) had planed	b) am planning	c) will plan
8.	a) am loving	b) was loving	c) love
9.	a) want	b) am wanting	c) have wanted
10.	a) is broading	b) broadens	c) broaden

Exercise 3.

Fill in the appropriate verb forms in the following paragraph:

I usually 1. ____ (get up) late on Saturday. It 2. ____ (be) the beginning of the week-end and I like to relax. But on that particular Saturday two months ago I had to get out of bed at 6:00 AM. Terrible sounds of sirens and horns 3. ____ (come) from the street straight into my room. I 4. ____ (walk) over to the window to see what 5. ____ (happen). Two cars 6. ____ (crash) on the corner near the bakery. Lots of angry people 7.____ (scream) and 8. ____ (shout) at each other. The baker 9. ____ (try) to calm everybody. So he 10. ____ (bring) out coffee and cookies for everyone. “What a nice neighbor!”, I 11. ____ (think). I 12. ____ (smile) to myself and 13. ____ (go) back to bed. What an exciting neighborhood!

Exercise 4.

Find and correct the mistakes in the following paragraphs.

1.	I have studied at university now for four years. Next year I hope I graduate and then I am getting a job in advertising. At university I have studied English and History. I like studying, but sometimes I have to read a lot. Over the past year I read over 50 novels and plays. Now I get quite tired of academic work, so I am looking forward to life in the real world.
2.	Every year thousands upon thousands of penguins are being killed by polar bears or other predators. Penguin conservationists tried to limit the effect of these attacks on endangered breeds of the birds but now it becomes more difficult to protect the penguins. Moreover there is a danger that if penguins are protected too much the welfare of polar bears becomes a problem
3.	When I first met Ludwig he have been living in a squat in South London. Ludwig had been completely filthy and in need of a shower. After he was telling me his problems I gave him something warm to eat and had told him to have a shower.
4.	When I had been a little girl I loved to listen to music. By the time I am six I was already asked my mother if I could take piano lessons many times. Finally on my seventh birthday I was given the chance to have lessons. Since then I has never looked back.
5.	Shakespeare has been Britain’s most famous writer. He had been born in Stratford in the sixteenth century, but he later have moved to London to become an actor and writer. His plays were put on in the Globe Theatre and the Rose Theatre in London. Shakespeare’s plays have been still popular today. Shakespeare isn’t only a playwright however, but also a poet. He has written sonnets and poems as well as plays. Some people think that Shakespeare hadn’t written all of the plays attributed to him, but suggest that it was Francis Bacon or another Renaissance author.
6.	The standards of scientific proof are very different in early modern Europe, to the standards of modern science. Early doctors for example, often based their practices on superstition and did treat their patients with very strange methods. For example, cruentation (the act of making an accused murderer touch the body of a dead victim to see if it bleeds) is considered a good level of proof. People had believed a number of things which would now seem ridiculous considering the experimental evidence necessary to prove scientific discoveries in science today. With the birth of the Royal Society in the seventeenth century and Baconian methods of collecting empirical data things gradually begin to change.

Exercise 5.

Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense.

1. ____ (you/ ever/ fly) to America? Kevin is lucky – he could visit his cousin Amy Baxter last year. Yesterday, while Kevin 2. ____ (read) a book, his mother 3. ____ (come) in and gave him a letter from Amy. He read: “Hi, Kevin, I hope you 4. ____ (not forget) me yet. 5. ____ (you/ remember) how much fun we had last year? What 6. ____ (do) since then? Well, let me tell you the chaotic story of my trip to the Poconos. I 7.____ (want) to spend a nice weekend with my friend Jane. She 8. ____ (live) in Manhattan. “I’m sure we 9. ____ (have) lots of fun,” Jane said while I 10. ____ (unpack) my things. “The weather forecast for tomorrow is good, so we 11. ____ (go) on a trip to the Poconos.” – “I think this is a fantastic idea,” I 12. ____ (agree). “I will climb, 13. ____ (climb) the highest mountains!” When we 14. ____ (drive) along Interstate 95 the next day we 15. ____ (notice) a red light in Jane’s mother’s car. “I think if we want to reach the Poconos, we 16. ____ (need) some help first”, Jane’s mother said. We 17. ____ (leave) the expressway and soon saw the sign of a car repair garage. The mechanic quickly 18. ____ (check) the car and smiled. “Lady,” he said, “I 19. ____ (see) this problem many times before. I’m sorry, but a mechanic is not what you need. All you 20. ____ (need) is a petrol station.

Exercise 6.

A. Look at this person. In written form give as many reasons as possible to explain why the person is unhappy. Make sure you get a sentence for each of the following:

· To be (… because it’s Sunday night)

· The present tense (…he has to go to work tomorrow)

· Present continuous (… it’s raining)

· Present perfect (… he has lost his cat)

· Will/won’t (his vegetarian wife won’t let him eat sausages)

· Has got (he’s got toothache)

B. Look, a year has passed, this person is happy now. Close your exercise books and recall (from memory) all the reasons why the person was unhappy a year ago.

· It was Sunday night.

· He had to go to work the next day (but he’s on holiday at the moment).

· It was raining (but now it’s sunny).

· He had lost his cat (but he found it again).

· His vegetarian wife wouldn’t let him eat sausages (but they got divorced).

· He had a headache (but he feels great now).

C. Work in pairs. What has the person been doing during the last year? Why is he so happy?

Страдательныйзалог (THE Passivevoice)

Страдательный залог образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола (Past Participle): to be + Past Participle.

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect
Present	am/is/ are asked	am/is/are being asked	have/has been asked
Past	was/were asked	was/were being asked	had been asked
Future	will be asked	-	will have been asked

В страдательном залоге употребляется только две формы времен группы Continuous: Present Continuous и Past Continuous; формы Future Continuous отсутствуют. В страдательном залоге отсутствуют также времена группы Perfect Continuous.

При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Is he asked? Если вспомогательный глагол употребляется в сложной форме (shall be, have been, etc.), то первая часть вспомогательной формы глагола ставится перед подлежащим: Shall I be asked? Have I been asked?

При образовании отрицательной формы частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I am not asked. Если вспомогательный глагол употреблен в сложной форме, то частица not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола: I shall not be asked, I have not been asked.

Страдательный залог употребляется:

– когда лицо, совершившее действие, неизвестно, неважно или очевидно из контекста.

The most important papers were stolen.	Самые важные бумаги были украдены.	носитель действия неизвестен
I was advised to rewrite the article.	Мне посоветовали переписать статью.	носитель действия неважен
Experiments are being carried out in the laboratory.	Эксперименты проводятся в лаборатории.	носитель действия очевиден из контекста

– когда действие важнее, чем лицо, его совершившее.

The report was prepared on time.

Доклад был подготовлен вовремя.

– когда нужно акцентировать внимание на носителе действия.

Penicillin was invented by A. Fleming in 1928.

Пенициллин был изобретен А. Флемингом в 1928.

– когда утверждение необходимо сделать более вежливым или придать ему официальный характер.

The new phone has been broken. (It is more polite than saying “You’ve broken my new phone”).

Новый телефон сломан. (Это вежливее, чем сказать: «Ты сломал мой новый телефон».)

- в официальном стиле (научном, газетном и т.д.)

Quantitative methods are widely used in conducting scientific research.

Количественные методы широко используются при проведении научного исследования.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27