The sense of hearing

IV. Use the following words in the sentences of your own.

I. Read and learn the following words.

THE SENSE OF HEARING

TEXT 5

● hearing [′hıərıŋ] слух ● smelling [′smelıŋ] обоняние ● seeing [′si:ıŋ] зрение ● tasting [teıstıŋ] вкус ● touching [tÙt∫ıŋ] осязание ● vibration [vaı′breı∫n] вибрация ● back-and-forth [bæk ænd fÉ:θ] взад и вперед ● eardrum [′ıədrÙm] барабанная перепонка ● bone [bəʊn] кость ● hammer [′hæmə] молоточек ● anvil [′ænvıl] наковальня ● stirrup [stз:rÙp] стремя ● to warn [wÉ:n] предупреждать ● emergency [ı′mз:dƷensı] экстренная ситуация ● oncoming [Én′cÙmıŋ] приближающийся ● to watch out [wÉt∫] предупреждать.

II. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases:

sound waves, in order to do smth, the ear works, the ear canal, move back and forth, to press on smth, hearing nerves, to pass the sound, to reach smth, to warn of smth, to honk a horn, fire alarms, deaf.

III. Write the derivatives of the following words:

vibration, warn, danger, nerve, to cause, to press

anvil, brain, deaf, eardrum, vibrate, sound waves, stirrup

V. Read the text and answer the question “What causes sound?”

You learned that psychology is the study of the different systems of the human body and what they do. You can not learn about psychology without knowing how human body works and how its word affects a person’s inner world. In the following four texts you will read about the sense organs in the human body. The sense organs are more commonly called the five senses. The sense organs are ears, nose, eyes, tongue and skin. The five senses are hearing, smelling, seeing, tasting and touching. Your senses give information to your brain to help you move, control and protect your body.

A bell rings, a baby cries and a dog barks. Every day we hear thousands of sounds. Our world is full of sound. What causes sound? How so our ears let us hear sounds?

Sound is caused by vibrations, the quick back-and-forth movements of an object. The vibrations move through air, water, the ground, or some other substance. The vibrations move in waves. They are called sound waves. In order to understand how people hear sound waves, you must understand how the ear works.

There are three important parts to the ear: the ear canal, the eardrum, and the small bones. Each part is important for hearing. Sound waves enter the ear through the ear canal and hit the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin skin that is stretched tightly across the inside of the ear. It is like the material that is stretched across the top of a drum.

The eardrum begins to vibrate, or move back and forth quickly. This vibration causes three very small bones in the ear to vibrate. These little bones are called the hammer, anvil and stirrup. They get their names because they look like these objects.

These vibrations of the eardrum cause more vibration in a liquid that fills the deepest part of the ear. The moving liquid presses on the hearing nerves. These nerves pass the sound message on to the brain. When the message reaches the brain, the person can hear the sounds.

It is important for humans to be able to hear sound. Sounds can warn of danger and emergencies. If you see a person cross the street into the path of an oncoming car, you would call to the person to watch out. The driver of the oncoming car would honk the horn to warn the person. Fire alarms warn people move to the side. Some people can not hear. They are deaf and can not be warned of danger in the same way.

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