The sense of smell and taste

II. Match the words and their definitions

I. Read and learn the following words.

THE SENSE OF SMELL AND TASTE

TEXT 6

VIII. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

VI. Supply the prepositions where necessary

of, by, in, through, for, across, of, on, for, to

1. Sound is caused … vibrations.

2. Each part of ear is important … hearing.

3. It is important … humans to be able … hear sound.

4. The vibration move … waves.

5. Our world is full … sounds.

6. The vibration moves … air, water, the ground etc.

7. It is like the material that is stretched … the top …a drum.

8. The moving liquid presses … the hearing nerves.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. What happens to the eardrum when sound waves hit it?

2. How are the three small bones in the ear called?

3. How did they get their names?

4. What presses on the hearing nerve cells?

5. What do nerves inside the ear do?

1. Every day we hear only several sounds.

2. The vibrations move only through air.

3. There are two important parts in the ear.

4. Sound waves enter the eardrum and hit the anvil.

5. Sound waves cause vibration.

6. The moving liquid presses on the seeing nerves.

7. These nerves pass the sound message to the eyes.

8. When the message reaches the brain, the person can hear the sounds.

IX. Draw the movement of the sound waves in the ear and describe this process to your group mates.

● tongue [tÙŋ] язык ● bump [bÙmp] шишка ● mirror [`mirə] зеркало ● to stick out [stik aut] вытягивать (язык) ● papillae [pə`pilə] сосок (анат.) ● bud почка ● bitter [`bitə] горький ● sour [`sauə] кислый ● sweet [`swi:t] сладкий ● salty [`sÉ:lti] соленый ● tip [tip] кончик (языка) ● nose [nəuz] нос ● block up [blək] заложить нос ● odor [`əudə] аромат, благоухание ● weak [wi:k] слабый (аромат) ● to sniff [snif] нюхать ● to protect [prə`tekt] защищать ● skunk [skÙŋk] скунс.

bitter	containing or tasting salt
sour	to make sure that smb/smth is nor harmed
sweet	a smell, especially one that is unpleasant
salty	having a strong, unpleasant taste, not sweet
odor	containing or tasting if it contains sugar
skunk	having an unpleasant taste and smell because it is not fresh
to protect	a small black and white animal that can produce a strong unpleasant smell

III. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases:

sense organs, stick out smb’s tongue, carry a message, the sense of tasting, smell good, taste good, give off gas, protect smb from smth, to spray smth, no longer good to eat, “smell message”, special nerves, cells.

IV. Read the text and answer the question “What sense organs do people use for taste and smell?”

Why does a potato chip taste salty? Why does sugar taste sweet? There are two sense organs you use to taste. One of these sense organs is the tongue. If you look in the mirror and stick out your tongue, you will see little bumps on it. These bumps are called papillae. Inside each of these bumps are tiny taste buds. Taste buds are cells that are connected to nerves. The nerves carry messages about the food you eat to the brain. The nerves tell your brain how something tastes. You can taste if something is bitter, sour, sweet or salty.

You taste bitter things at the back of your tongue, sour and salty things on the sides, and sweet things on the tip. The tongue is not the only one part of the sense of tasting.

The other sense organ you use to taste is your nose. The nose is also the sense organ you use to smell. The smell of food plays a big part in how food tastes. If food smells good, it usually tastes good! Sometimes when you have a cold and your nose is blocked up, you can not smell anything. When this happens, nothing you eat will taste very good either. Everything that has a smell gives off a small amount of gas. This gas is called and odor.

When you breath in, the odor enters your nose. Some things have a weak odor. When things have a weak odor, you have to sniff to bring the odor into your nose. There are special nerves in the nose that send the “smell message” to the brain.

It is important to be able to smell things. Your sense of smell protects you from danger. You smell smoke when there is a fire. Food begins to smell bad when it is no longer good to eat. Animals such as skunks spray a liquid that has a bad odor to protect them from danger.

V. Insert the following prepositions in the gaps:

out, in, on, to, about, to, of, of, of, in, up, through, to

1. Taste buds are cells that are connected … nerves.

2. Odor enters … the nose and passes … the nerves.

3. The smell … food plays a big part … how food tastes.

4. If you look… the mirror and stick … your tongue, you’ll see little bumps …it.

5. The tongue is only one part … the sense of … tasting.

6. Sometimes you have a cold and your nose is blocked …, you can not smell anything.

7. The nerves carry messages … the food you eat … the brain.

VI. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the bumps on the tongue called?

2. What is located inside the bumps on your tongue?

3. Where are sweet things tasted?

4. What is an odor?

5. Why do people sniff?

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