From the History of Social Work

V. Read the text and speak up about the evolution of concept of social work.

III. Complete the table with the proper derivative. Sometimes not all parts of speech can be formed.

B) Fill in the gaps with the proper word.

To achieve – achievement – achiever – achievable;

1. I … very much today. 2. All you … is to upset my parents. 3. This goal is quite … 4. It was a remarkable … for such a young player. 5. They were proud of their children’s … 6. Even a small success gives you a sense of … 7. Everybody admits that he is a high …

Verb	Noun	Adjective	Adverb
			relatively
To develop
To differ	care
	charity
		considerable
	responsibility

IV. Learn the following words:

Enhancement – улучшение, piety – добродетельность, relief – облегчение (зд. улучшение материального положения), attempt - попытка, пытаться, inherent присущий, to alleviate - смягчать, to appoint - назначать, chaplain – священник, капеллан, almoner – чиновник в больнице, ведающий оплатой лечения и обслуживанием больных, asylum – приют, психологическая больница, secular - светский, to immerse – вовлекать, занимать, to usher in – возвещать о ч.-л., to commit to – выполнять обязательства.

Social workers are concerned with social problems, their causes, their solutions and their human impacts. Social workers work with individuals, families, groups, organizations and communities. Social work is the profession committed to the pursuit of social justice, to the enhancement of the quality of life, and to the development of the full potential of each individual, group and community in society.

The concept of charity goes back to ancient times, and the practice of providing for the poor has roots in all major world religions. However, the practice and profession of social work has a relatively modern (19th century) and scientific origin. Charity in Europe was considered to be a responsibility and a sign of one’s piety. This charity was, generally, in the form of direct relief (i.e. money, food, etc.). After the end of feudalism, the poor were seen as a more direct threat to the social order, and so the state formed an organized system to care for them. In England, the Poor Law served this purpose. This system of laws sorted the poor and developed different responses to the different groups formed in this way.

The 19th century ushered in the Industrial Revolution. There was a great leap in technological and scientific achievement, but there was also a great migration to urban areas. This led to many social problems, which in turn led to an increase in social activism. Also with the dawn of the 19th century came a great “missionary” push from many Protestant denominations. Some of the mission efforts (urban missions), attempted to resolve the problems (poverty, prostitution, disease, etc.) inherent in large cities. These “friendly visitors”, stipended by church and other charitable bodies, worked through direct relief, prayer, and evangelism to alleviate these problems. In Europe, chaplains or almoners were appointed to administrate the church’s mission to the poor.

During this time, rescue societies were initiated to find more appropriate means of self-support for women involved in prostitution. Mental asylums grew to assist in taking care of the mentally ill. A new philosophy of "scientific charity" which stated charity should be "secular, rational and empirical as opposed to sectarian, sentimental, and dogmatic." (James Leiby) In the late 1880s, a new system to provide aid for social ills popped up, that would become known as the settlement movement. The settlement movement focused on the causes of poverty. They did this through the "three Rs" - Research, Reform, and Residence. They provided a variety of services including educational, legal, and health services. These programs also advocated changes in social policy. Workers in the settlement movement immersed themselves in the culture of those they were helping.

VI. Correct the following statements:

1. The concept of charity goes back to medieval times.

2. Charity in Europe was considered to be a necessity and a sign of one’s piety.

3. The practice and profession of social work has a relatively old and scientific origin.

4. Many social problems, which in turn led to an increase in social activism where inspired by the Industrial Revolution.

5. First social workers were well-qualified nurses and doctors.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. What problems are social workers concerned with?

2. What does social work commit to?

3. What was the idea of social work in the ancient and feudal times?

4. What changes did the Industrial Revolution bring?

5. What is the idea of the "three Rs"?

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