Unit 12. Controlled experiments

Controlled experiments

VIII. Read the text and then translate it in writing.

VII. Give the summary of the text.

VI. Make up sentences.

V. Complete the sentences.

IV. Find English equivalents in the text.

III. Give Russian equivalents of the following.

To sign up for a psychology experiment, unanimously, the majority opinion, the rest of the group.

Участники (союзники), экспериментатор, демонстрировать.

1. The task is repeated …

2. In 1951, the social psychologist Asch …

3. Some of the subjects indicated …

4. Some even insisted they saw …

5. Pressure from other people …

1. two, she, cards, places, before, you.

2. right, the, lines, different, card, on, three, of, length, the, displays.

3. you, the experimenter, people's, and, tells, that, the study, arrives, in, you, are, about, to concerns, visual, judgments, participate, which.

4. does, Asch, difficult, that, it, is, to maintain, you, see, something, no, when, one, else, concluded, that.

The majority of psychological research is conducted in the laboratory under controlled conditons. This method of research relies completely on the scientific method to determine the basis of behavior. Common measurements of behavior include reaction time and various psychometric measurements. Experiments are conducted to test a particular hypothesis.

As an example of a psychological experiment, one may want to test people's perception of different tones. Specifically, one could ask the following question: is it easier for people to discriminate one pair of tones from another depending upon their frequency? To answer this, one would want to disprove the hypothesis that all tones are equally discriminable, regardless of their frequency. (See hypothesis testing for an explanation of why one would disprove a hypothesis rather than attempt to prove one.) A task to test this hypothesis would have a participant seated in a room listening to a series of tones. If the participant would make one indication (by pressing a button, for example) if they thought the tones were two different sounds, and another indication if they thought they were the same sound. The proportion of correct responses would be the measurement used to describe whether or not all the tones were equally discriminable. The result of this particular experiment would probably indicate better discrimination of certain tones based on the human threshold of hearing.

Secrets of the Brain: the Mystery of Memory

Цель – формирование представлений студентово человеческой памяти, использование знания иностранного языка в профессиональной деятельности и профессиональной коммуникации.

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