Текст 8 (b). Canadian State organization

Текст 8 (a). Canada

Canada is the largest self-governing country in the Commonwealth of Nations¹. Its population is more than 26 million people. Its total area is 3.851.809-sq. mi. Canada comprises the northern half of the Continent of North America and its adjacent islands except Alaska, a state of the U. S. Canada is divided into ten self-governing provinces and two territories which are administered by the federal government.

Quebec is the largest province of Canada. It is much larger than the four Atlantic Provinces. In it lives more than a quarter of all people in Canada. Most of the people live near the great rivers of the province in villages and towns. There are crowded cities like Montreal² and Quebec. In northern Quebec there are mining settlements and wandering bands of Indians ³. Still farther North, on the shore of Hudson Bay are Eskimos. The people here speak English or French. Growth of the population has been rapid in the post World War II period, but Canada is still a country of sparse settlement and vast area. Canada’s main area of settlement is a belt of 200 miles along the United States border and within that belt 90% of the Canadian people lives.

Ontario accounts for about one third of Canada’s population, and Quebec for more than one-quarter. Quebec is a French-Canadian province.

By the mid – 1950’s 70% of the people of the Province of Quebec lived in cities and town. Almost 45% of Canadians are of British origin. The French-speaking Canadians number about 28% of the Canadian total. Immigrants from Europe came in increasing numbers after 1900. They settled the prairie farmlands or became workers in the industrial cities of Ontario. As a result many Canadians have a European (non-British) national background. The largest numbers have been classified as from Germany, the Ukraine and Italy. The native Indians in 1961 totaled 208.286 (living mostly in the Prairie Provinces). The Eskimos numbered 11.835 (Arctic Canada, mostly).

¹ – Британское содружество наций

² – Монреаль, большой город в провинции Квебек с французским большинством населения

³ – Индейцы, древнейшее коренное население Америки

Canada is one of the self-governing nations of the Commonwealth of Nations. The governor general as the representative of the queen is appointed on the recommendation of the Canadian cabinet. The active executive authority rests in the cabinet which is selected by the prime minister from among his followers in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is normally the leader of the political party holding the most seats in parliament. The Canadian parliament consists of the Senate and a House of Commons.

The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Canada is officially a BI-lingual country.

Education in Canada

In the English-speaking provinces the elementary schools usually have 8 grades, with pupils beginning at the age of five or six years. Secondary schools continue for another four or five grades and provide entrance qualifications for university courses of from three to seven years in various academic and professional fields.

In the French-speaking schools of Quebec, boys and girls are taught separately, taking primary courses to grade seven. Pupils may then enter either the church-operated college classique, which provides an eight year course leading to the baccalaureate and entry to a university professional course, or the may enroll in the secondary division of the public school, which provides farther training preparatory to certain technical fields, trades, arts or home economics; or, in a growing number of schools the first four years of the classical course. Higher schools of applied science, commerce or agriculture, affiliated with universities, are available to graduates of the secondary courses. Trade school or regional agricultural school training is optional.

There are special day or residential schools for Indians.

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