Stative Verbs

Verbs describing a permanent state (Stative Verbs) do not normally have continuous forms. These are:

v verbs of the senses: see, hear, smell, feel, taste etc. We often use can or could with these verbs, e.g. Can you see that tall boy over there?

v verbs of opinion: agree, believe, consider etc.

v verbs of emotions: feel, forgive, hate, like, love etc.

v other verbs: appear (= seem), be, belong, fit (= be the right shape and size for sth), have (= possess), know, look (= appear), need, prefer, require, want, weigh, wish etc.

He knows where Peter is. (not is knowing)

Some Stative Verbs (see, smell, taste, feel, think, have etc.) have continuous forms but there is a difference in meaning.

State	Action
Ithinkshe’s rich. (= I believe)	I’m thinkingabout your plan. (= I’m considering)
The milk tastesawful. (= it has a bad flavour)	He’s tastingthe sauce; it might need some salt. (= he’s trying its flavour)
He has a pet dog. (= he owns)	He’s havingdinner now. (= he’s eating)
This cloth feelslike velvet. (= has the texture)	She’s feelingher way in the dark. (= she’s finding her way)
I see you’re in trouble. (= I understand)	I’m seeingmy lawyer tonight. (= I’m visiting)
The kitchen smellsof burnt meat. (= has the smell)	Whyareyousmellingyour food? (= trying the smell of)
Hecomesfrom Spain. (= he was born in)	He’s comingfrom Spain. (= he’s travelling from)
Your hair looksgreat. (= it appears)	She’s lookingat some old photographs. (= she’s examining)
The baby weighs5 kilos. (= it is)	I’m weighingmyself on my new scales. (= I’m finding out my weight)
These shoes fit me perfectly. (= They are the right size)	We’re fitting a new carpet in the hall. (= laying)
I love/enjoy good films. (= I like in general)	I’m loving/enjoyingthis film. (= I like specifically)
He appears to be working. (= he seems to be)	The opera singer is appearing on stage tonight. (= he will make an appearance)
Peter is naughty. (= His character is bad.)	Suzy is being very naughty. (= she is misbehaving)

Here are some of the many Stative Verbs in English:

v mental & emotional states:

to believe	вірити	to (dis)like	(не)любити
to prefer	надавати перевагу	to feel*(have an opinion)	мати передчуття
to doubt	сумніватися	to love	любити
to realise	усвідомлювати	to want	хотіти
to recognize	впізнавати	to hate	ненавидіти
to suppose	припускати	to wish	бажати
to imagine	уявляти	to understand	розуміти
to remember	пам’ятати	to know	знати
to mind	мати на увазі	to find	переконуватися
to see*(understand)	розуміти	to consider	брати до уваги
to appreciate	цінувати	to adore	обожнювати

v use of the senses:

to appear	виявлятися	to look (seem)	здаватися
to seem	здаватися	to sound	звучати
to hear	чути	to see	бачити
to smell	пахнути	to taste	мати смак

v other:

to agree on/with	погоджуватись	to please	радувати, догоджати
to belong to	належати	to lack	бракувати, не мати
to consist of	складатися з	to matter	мати значення
to deny	заперечувати	to need	потребувати
to contain	містити, включати в себе	to owe	заборгувати
to depend on	залежати від	to satisfy	задовольняти
to impress	вражати	to possess	володіти
to deserve	заслуговувати	to surprise	дивувати
to fit	підходити за розм.	to weigh	мати вагу
to mean	означати	to require	потребувати
to include	включати в себе	to sound	звучати
to involve	включати	to be	бути

Past Simple = Past Indefinite

The Past Indefinite is formed by adding –ed or –d to the stem (regular verbs), or by changing the root vowel, or in some other ways (irregular verbs). The interrogative and the negative forms are formed by means of the Past Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to do (did) and the infinitive of the notional verb without the particle to.

Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative
I work ed (wrote)	DidI work (write)?	Ididn’twork (write)
He work ed (wrote)	Did he work (write)?	Hedidn’twork (write)
She work ed (wrote)	Did she work (write)?	Shedidn’twork (write)
It work ed (wrote)	Did it work (write)?	Itdidn’twork (write)
We work ed (wrote)	Did we work (write)?	Wedidn’twork (write)
You work ed (wrote)	Did you work (write)?	Youdidn’twork (write)
They work ed (wrote)	Did they work (write)?	Theydidn’twork (write)

The Past Indefinite is used:

1. To express a complete action or event which happened at a stated past time (yesterday, last (week), (a week) ago, in 1998, then):

I cleaned the room yesterday.

Last time I played tennis a week ago.

2. To express past habits or states, repeated actions in the past:

In my childhood I lived with my granny.

I always got up at six in those days.

3. To express an action which happened at a definite past time, but the time is not mentioned. This action is not connected with the present.

Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays.

My mother grew up in Scotland.

4. With Stative Verbs (verbs describing states) (not used in the Continuous), e.g. to agree, to love, to like, to belong, to contain, to consist, to cost, to hear, to know etc.:

At that moment I didn’t know what to do.

We didn’t agree with her.

The Past Indefinite is used with the following time indicators: yesterday, then, when, How long ago…?, last night/week/month, three days/weeks ago, in 1997, etc.

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