Lesson four

II.

I.

1) Чим займається твій брат? – Він біолог. – А чим він займається зараз? – Працює в лабораторії. Я телефонував йому півгодини тому.

2) Не приходьте до мене завтра о другій. У цей час я буду займатися зі своїм учнем і не зможу з вами поговорити.

3) Де ваш друг? – Він у читальному залі. Він вивчає там класифікацію безхребетних тварин.

4) Що ви робили вчора о 8 вечора? – Я закінчив свої справи і займався перекладом нової статті з мікробіології. Я вивчаю англійську мову за професійним спрямуванням і щоденно перекладаю тексти з наукових журналів.

Вченні стверджують, що існує понад мільйон різних видів рослин та тварин. Рослини та тварини сильно відрізняються одне від одного розмірами, виглядом, кольором тощо. Ці відмінності добре видно, якщо порівняти рослини, трави, дерева, квіти або різних комах, птахів, риб, людей. Незважаючи на всі відмінності, живі організми мають багато спільного. Як рослини, так і тварини залежать одне від одного у підтриманні життєвих функцій.

9. Translate the text into Ukrainian and then back into English, compare your version with the original:

a) In this rich varied world there are large plants, like trees, some of which are the largest living things. There are plants, thousands of which can live in a squall drop of water. There are helpful plants that man cultivates, and harmful ones. Plants that live in water, and those that live only on land; plants that produce flowers and fruit, and others that do not; plants that live for hundreds of years and plants that live for only a few hours.

Green plants are so common that you may never stop to think how wonderful and how important they are. A good way to begin our general study of plants is to compare them with animals.

b) What life functions are? As we study more about plants and animals and how they live, we shall see that all of them perform several functions in common. These are called life functions. One way of studying animals and plants is to begin with their life functions. These life functions are: sensation (irritability), motion, food-taking, nutrition (digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation), respiration, excretion and reproduction.

10. Read one the following passages, without a dictionary and reproduce them to your groupmates:

a) Visitors to Khosta, a resort on the Black Sea Coast, always go to see the great silver poplar, that grows there. Ten people with joined hands can just encircle the tremendous tree, rising sixty five metres above the ground. The unique plant is at least 160 years old.

b) Deep in the sea it is always dark, for sunlight cannot reach down more than about a half mile. The only light in all this vast darkness is made by animals them-selves. Certain squid which are cousins of octopuses, swim in schools and keep together by means of coded flashing lights. Many kinds of deep sea fish have lights on their bodies. It is believed that this beaming of light helps them to recognize their own kind.

c) Scientists know that all living organisms are luminous. But why? Hundreds of guesses were made and thousands of experiments staged. Now scientists established that luminosity of living organisms is their mode of jettisoning excessive energy, of "letting off steam", so to speak.

Is there any practical use to be had from the discovery? Yes. It was established that the luminosity of the organisms is connected with their general condition. Cells affected by cancer, for example, are less luminous than healthy ones. Thus one more method of discovering the presence of that illness has been found.

d) Plants are sensitive to sound. Indian botanists proved that by subjecting plants to sound of definite pitch, it is possible4 to stimulate or hinder their growth.

A seven-year experiment showed that rice and tobacco are the most "musical" plants.

11. Get ready for the following imaginary situations:

1. You are going to be a guide for a group of schoolchildren who have come to visit your faculty. Tell them about the biological museum and what they will see there.

2. Many people like to keep pets at home. Your friend is no exception. Ask him what animals he keeps. Tell him about plants and animals.

4. Your friend says that only animals cannot live without plants. What is your opinion?

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