I. Give all possible forms of the Infinitive. Translate them into Ukrainian

Forms.

Infinitives	Active Vioce	Passive Voice
Indefinite Infinitive	to do	to be done
Continuous Infinitive	to be doing	—
Perfect Infinitive	to have done	to have been done
Perfect-Continuous Infinitive	to have been doing	—

Способи перекладу: неозначеною формою дієслова, іменником або підрядним реченням.

Note: to be done — той, що повинен бути зробленим; той, що буде зробленим.

Functions:

1. Subject. Підмет.

То know everything is to know nothing. (Proverb). Знати все — не знати нічого.

2. Predicative. Частина складного дієслівного присудка

The students began to write the test at 9 a.m. Студенти почали писати тест о дев'ятій годині ранку.

3. Object. Compliment of a verb. Додаток.

His idea is to create a text-book of a new type. Його ідея — створити підручник нового типу. Не wants me to help him. Він хоче, щоб я йому допоміг.

4. Attribute. Означення.

There are many books to read on this subject in our library. В нашій бібліотеці є багато книг, щоб читати на цю тему.

5. Adverbial modifier of purpose. Обставина цілі.

A compressor is used to raise the pressure of the vapour of the refrigerant and deliver it to the condenser. Компресор використовується, щоб підвищити тиск пари холодильного агенту та доставити його у конденсатор.

Особливості використання інфінітиву.

Окрім вищезгаданих функцій, інфінітив в англійській мові також використовується:

1) щоб виразити команди та інструкції
— be + інфінітив

Не is to stay here till we return (= He must stay...). They are to be married next week (a plan).

2) be about + інфінітив виражає найближче майбутнє

They are about to start. (They are going). We are just about to leave.

3) інколи інфінітив використовується, щоб замінити підрядні речення після the first, the
second, the last, the only.

He is always the first to come and the last to leave (the first who comes and the last who leaves).

4) інфінітив може використовуватися після певних прикметників:
angree, glad, happy, sorry, fortunate, likely, lucky.

I am glad to see you.

5) після іменників: ability, ambition, attempt, decision, demand, desire, effort, failure, request, scheme. He made an effort to stand up. Failure to obey the regularities may result in disqualification.

6) у інфінітивних фразах:

to tell the truth; to sum it up; to cut a long story short.

Note: Показником інфінітиву є частка to, яка випускається при вживанні інфінітива після модальних дієслів та допоміжних дієслів, а також в об'єктному інфінітивному звороті після дієслів to see, to hear, to feel, to let, to watch, to make (примушувати). The teacher made them learn irregular verbs.

Exercises:

to boil, to remove, to know, to connect, to absorb, to raise, to generate, to cool, to condense, to replace, to invent, to freeze, to give, to test, to evaporate, to rise, to make, to draw, to read, to drive.

II. Define the forms and functions of the Infinitive: Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. The absorption system needs an input of heat to drive it.

2. The ammonia in the evaporator is made to boil and its enthalpy of evaporation can be taken from external objects.

3. The device which is used to draw the vapour from the evaporator and compress it is called an ejector or thermocompressor.

4. To avoid contamination of the solutions the chilled water is usually used in a closed circuit.

5. To make the machine work continuously some means must be found.

6. To reduce the loss of carbon dioxide an insulated pressure vessel is needed.

7. To draw right conclusions is sometimes rather difficult.

8. It was most encouraging to have been justly rewarded.

9. It was almost unbelievable to have put that project into effect.

10. Mars will probably be one of the first planets to be reached by men.

11. This text is too long to read it in class.

12. We turned on the TV to hear the news.

13. The capacity to absorb heat varies between substances.

14. The situation seems to be changing.

15. Radium is very expensive to be used in everyday life.

16. To be used as a refrigerant, a fluid should a number of demands.

17. The velocity of light is too great to be measured in simple units.

18. Lomonosov was the first to state that heat came from motion.

19. Carnot was the first to describe an elementary thermodynamic cycle.

20. The temperature in the chilling room seems to be lowering.

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