Computer programs and computing concepts

The vast majority of today's computer users buy ready-made programs. One such program, a spreadsheet pro­gram, enables you to organize numbers and formulas into rows and columns of cells, similar to the paper spreadsheets that have been used in businesses for years. For example, if you are having a problem balancing your household bud­get, you can use a spreadsheet to type in the numbers and formulas for a monthly budget. Then, you can change the num­bers or formulas to see how different budgets might affect your personal fi­nances. All the calculating is accom­plished by the spreadsheet. You can con­centrate on exploring solutions to the problem.

. Writing a program means creating a set of instructions that the computer can follow. For the computer to understand you, the instructions must be written in a programming language. A programming language is a formally constructed artificial language in which the vocabulary and grammar rules are stated so precisely that a com­puter can analyze, interpret, and under­stand the meaning of that language. All programming languages include a vocabulary—the set of words used to make instructions—and a grammar or syntax - a precise set of rules that deter­mines the set of possible instructions in the language. Writing a program can be an intellectually demanding task. You must first map out exactly what you want the program to do, apply some commonsense rules of logic, be willing to follow a problem from its conception to completion, and pay attention to many details.

Experienced computer users often speak a different language. In a field of study such as computers, it is easy to become overwhelmed with new words that represent new concepts and ideas.

This set of specialized words, called jargon, is used to speed up communication between people. Jargon is used by all professional people. It is a shortcut they use to communicate effectively with their colleagues.

2.2 Give English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations.

Рівень знань, текстовий процесор, готова програма, електронна таблиця, комп’ютерна грамотність, розуміння комп’ютерів, пересічний користувач, принципи і поняття, комірка (чарунка), набір команд, приділяти увагу, програміст, пакет програмних засобів, мова програмування, штучна мова, писати (розробляти) програми

3.1 Translate the following word and phrases into Ukrainian.

A series of letters, binary system, coded information, convey information, expand the potential of computer capability, information processing, integrated circuits, in the form of a code, key concept, level of voltage, long and short switch closings, power source, pulses of electric current, stem from, via.

3. 2 Learn key words and word-combinations.

acquire (v) – збирати (дані)

binary signal - двійковий сигнал

binary system - двійкова система

carrier of information - носій інформації

convert (v)- перетворювати

dots and dashes- крапки і тире

electric current (n) - електричний струм

electric signal (n)- електричний сигнал

information processing –обробка інформації

integrated circuit – інтегральна схема

manipulate information (v)- керувати інформацією

power source- джерело енергії

processor (n) – процесор

pulse (n)- імпульс

set of symbols - набір символів

storage – пам’ять; запам’ятовуючий пристрій; накопичувач

subfunction (n)- підфункція

switch (n)- перемикач

subsystem (n)- підсистема

transform (v)- перетворювати

transmit (v)- передавати

voltage (n)- напруга

wire (n)- дріт, провід.

3.3 Read and translate the text.

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