Personal computer systems. Keyboard, display and printers

Read and translate the text.

A keyboard is a device that converts keystrokes into codes that can be elec­tronically manipulated by the computer. A personal computer keyboard includes a typewriter layout and a set of keys marked with arrows that control the movement of a visual aid—a cursor—on the display screen. Keyboards include a numeric keypad for number-intensive data entry and calcula­tions as well as a set of function keys. Keyboards are not the only way to communicate with a computer. Touch­ing the screen with your finger, talking to a computer, writing with an electronic pen, and rolling a mouse or trackball are all alternative input devices.

A mouse is a pointing device that combines the traditional cursor move­ments—accomplished by pressing ar­row keys—with the means to select an object on the display screen. Buttons located on the top of the mouse enable you to choose options. Rolling the trackball with your fingertips produces the same results as moving the mouse.

A display, often called a monitor, is one of the output parts of the system. A display is a device that is used (1) to give you feedback while you operate the computer and (2) to view the computer's output. For example, when you type on the keyboard, the letters are immediately displayed along with the cursor that indicates where the next let­ter you type will appear.

The popular displaуs are CRTs (cathode ray tube), LCDs (liquid crystal displays), and plasma display panels. It is necessary to not that CRTs are being replaced by LCDs.

A printer is a device that produces pa­per-copy output from a computer sys­tem. Printers accept con­tinuous-form paper and single sheets, such as letterhead.

. One way to classify printers is by the method used to form the printed images. Dot-matrix printer s form char­acters with a pattern of dots. This method can include striking a ribbon with a hammer, spraying ink with a nozzle, or transferring the pattern with heat or a laser. The quality of the output from such printers ranges from a very rough and highly visible grainy pattern of dots to an extremely fine high-resolution pattern. The former is quite adequate for printing drafts of documents; the latter is more desirable for printing graphic im­ages.

Laser printers create images with a laser beam scanning across an electri­cally charged drum. As in a copier, toner or ink with an opposite charge sticks to the drum and is then transferred to pa­per by pressure and heat to create the finished image. Laser printers offer higher speed and quality than conven­tional printers. They can mix type styles and sizes as well as graphic images on the same page.

Printers for personal computers are connected to the computer by a cable through a port—the location through which the computer exchanges informa­tion with an external device. A port has a physical connector and an address, so that programs know where to send in­formation. The two basic types of ports are serial and parallel.

5.4 Give synonyms.

Convert, choose, indicate, view, private, command, commonly, traditional, broad, achievement, conventional, special, display, monitor, perform, do, see, mark, situate, generally, wide, select, breakthrough, form, instruction, create, personal, link, determine, general, connect, define, send, locate, convey.

5.5 Give antonyms.

Include, break, fine, narrow, create, small, output, desirable, input, hide, latter, wide, destroy, difference, exclude, find, combine, separate, rough, large, similarity, former, link, undesirable.

5.6 Give English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations.

Вводити команду, традиційний, функціональна клавіша, цифровий годинник, протилежний заряд, досягнення (прорив), введення числових даних, спілкуватися з комп’ютером, вибирати режим (варіант), екран дисплея, працювати на комп’ютері, давати зворотній зв’язок, альтернативний пристрій, реальна альтернатива, барвник, грубий, якісний, створювати зображення, зовнішній пристрій, обмінюватися інформацією, системна плата, сопло, з’єднувач, електронна плата, висока роздільна здатність, традиційний принтер, портативний комп’ютер, графічне зображення.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Клавіатура – це пристрій, призначений для введення в комп’ютер інформації та команд керування.

2. Група цифрових клавіш призначена для введення чисел.

3. Клавіші зі стрілками керують пересуванням курсору по екрану монітора.

4. Принтер – це пристрій, призначений для виведення на твердий носій, здебільшого на папір, результатів роботи програм.

5. Принтери під’єднуються до комп’ютера за допомогою кабелю через порт.

5.8 Answer the questions.

1. What is a keyboard designed for?

2. When do you use a numeric keypad?

4. What is a printer?

5. In what way are printers classified?

6. What type of printers is the best? Why?

7. How are printers connected to the computer?

6.1 Read and translate the following words and word-combinations.

Make up, contribute to, link together, integrated circuit chips, the microprocessor chip, systems and subsystems, compatible with, in close conjunctions with, erase, start up the computer, be fed with, low-voltage direct current, magnetic method, retrieve information, large-capacity storage device, provide fast access to, flexible plastic, a track, mount, house, empty, load a program.

6.2 Learn key words and word combinations:

backup (n)- резервна копія

byte(n) - байт

capacity(n) - ємність

compatible (adj)– сумісний

CPU (central processing unit) - центральний процесор

DIMM (double in-line memory module) - модуль з дворядним розміщенням мікросхем пам'яті

disk drive – дисковод

erase (v) – стирати; вилучати

execute instructions - виконувати команди

fiberglass (adj) – оптично волоконний

floppy disk - дискета

floppy disk drive - дисковод для гнучких дисків

hard disk - жорсткий диск

house (v) – містити

load a program - завантажувати програму

low-voltage direct current - постійний струм низької напруги

memory (n) - пам'ять

optical disk - оптичний диск

permanent memory - постійна пам'ять

power supply - джерело енергії

RAM (random-access memory) - оперативна пам'ять

ROM (read-only memory) - постійна пам'ять

rotate(v) - обертати

set of tracks - набір доріжок

socket(n) - гніздо; панель

spin (v) - обертати

system unit - системний блок

temporary memory - тимчасова пам'ять (оперативна)

6.3Read and translate the text.

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