Времена группы SIMPLE

Формы глагола.

Английский глагол имеет 4 формы:

I – инфинитив или неопределенная форма (что делать?);

II – Past Simple;

III – Past Participle (прошедшее или страдательное причастие; переводится причастием с с суффиксами –онн-, -анн-, -енн-…, окончаниями –мый, -ный, -тый))

IV – Present Participle (настоящее или действительное причастие; переводится причастием суффиксами –ущ-, -ющ-, -ащ-, -ящ-);

I	II	III	IV
to ask	asked	asked	asking	правильные глаголы
спрашивать	спросил	спрошенный	спрашивающий
to write	wrote	written	writing	неправильные глаголы
писать	писал	написанный	пишущий

Окончания II и III формы правильных глаголов:

[d] - lived, played; ed [t] - liked, sto pp ed; [id] - wan t ed, nee d ed

stud y – stud ied, но play – play ed

II и III формы неправильных глаголов смотри в специальной таблице.

IV форма всех глаголов образуется с помощью окончания - ing.

Но: to read – reading (читающий); to sit – si tt ing (сидящий); to carry – carrying(несущий); to lie – l y ing (лежащий); to take – taking (берущий).

Упр. 1. Назовите формы следующих правильных глаголов: tо work, to mix, to love, to study, to kiss, to finish, to miss, to treat, to look, to listen, to operate, to talk, to greet.

Present (настоящее время)	Past (прошедшее время)	Future (будущее время)
ask, go ask s, plan s, go es (he, she, it) finish es, pass es, mix es study – stud ies (play – play s)	ask ed   went	shall ask (I, we) will ask will go

Упр. 2. Определите время сказуемого:

Goes; graduated; tries; will live; operates; are; will be; has; wrote; carried; took; loves; finish; were; treated; shall live; visited.

Упр. 3. Найдите сказуемые и переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на построение вопросительных и отрицательных предложений. Сформулируйте правило.

1. They live in the country. 2. Her brother went to work. 3. They will study at the Institute.

4. I have many relatives. 5. My friend works at the factory. 6. Did she graduate from the medical college? 7. They were good friends. 8. Does his mother work? 9. He performed a difficult operation. 10. Will the doctor treat this patient? 11. They didn’t go to the Zoo. 12. Do you like apples? 13. He doesn’t see much of his family. 14. I don’t go there after dark. 15. Smile a while, and while you smile, others’ll smile, and then there’ll be miles of smiles

Упр. 4. Раскройте скобки в Present Simple:

1. He (to work) in the hospital. 2. They (to live) with their children. 3. My son (to study) at school. 4. Her daughter (to like) our dog. 5. My parents (to go) to the country. 6. Her husband (to like) his job. 7. We often (to visit) our relatives. 8. I (to work) in the surgical department.

Упр. 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1. Она медсестра. Она работала в поликлинике, а сейчас работает в больнице.

2. Мы навестили их вчера.

3. Я завтра пойду в библиотеку.

4. Он экономист, он очень любит свою работу.

5. Они окончили школу в прошлом году.

6. Учитель задал нам трудный вопрос, но мы ответили на него.

7. Он дал мне очень интересную книгу.

8. Она ушла домой. У нее болит голова.

Упр.6. Вспомните, где ставится ударение в следующих словах (модуль1, занятие 1). Слова переведите:

economist, economy, economic, economics.

Упр. 7. Прочтите и переведите интернациональные слова и выражения:

classical economist, immigrant, business, interest, political economy, economics, a series of, the principle, international, to export, to import wine, product, a commentary, theory, method.

Упр.8. Прочтите и запомните слова к тексту:

Jewish [Xu:i∫] (a) – еврейский

stock exchange – фондовая биржа

to enter business = to go into business

business of his own – собственный бизнес

to make a fortune [fo:t∫n] – сделать состояние

“The Wealth of Nations” – богатство наций (название труда)

to retire [re'taiә] (v) – удаляться от дел, уходить в отставку, на пенсию

to devote (v) – посвящать себя

major [ 'meiXә] (a) – основной, главный

taxation (n) – налогообложение

pioneering statement – новаторское обоснование

to apply(v) - применять

comparative advantage [kәm'pærәtiv әdv'a:ntiX] – сравнительное преимущество

trade (n) – торговля

beneficial (adj) – выгодный

less labour – меньшее количество труда

field (n) – область (науки), сфера (деятельности)

thereafter (adv) – после

expansion (n) – расширение, развитие

the starting point – точка отсчета

value (n) - стоимость, ценность, величина, объем; theory of value – теория стоимости

growth (n)- рост

Упр.9. Прочтите и переведите выражения с притяжательным падежом: father's business; Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations"; Ricardo's major work; Ricardo's theory; Ricardo's book.

Упр.10. Прочтите и переведите текст. Найдите в тексте:1) правильные и неправильные глаголы в Past Simple(14); 2) III форму глагола в значении определения (в абзаце №3).

David Ricardo (1772 – 1823) and the Theory of Comparative Advantage

1. David Ricardo, the greatest of the classical economists, was born in 1772. His father, a Jewish immigrant, was a member of the London stock exchange. Ricardo entered his father's business at the age of 14. In 1793, he married and went into business of his own where he quickly made a large fortune.

2. In 1799, Ricardo read Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" and developed an interest in political economy (as economics was then called). In 1809, his first writings оn economics appeared. These were a series of newspaper articles. In 1814 he retired from business and devoted all his time to political economy.

3. Ricardo's major work was "Principles of Political Economy and Taxation" written in 1817. This work contained, among other things, a pioneering statement of the principle of comparative advantage as applied to international trade.

4. Ricardo showed why it was beneficial for both countries, for England to export wool to Portugal and import wine in return, even though both products could be produced with less labour in Portugal.

5. The book covered the whole field of economics as it then existed. Ricardo's book was extremely influential. For more than half a century thereafter, much of economics was an expansion of or a commentary on Ricardo's work. The starting point of many future economists was Ricardo's theory of value and method of analyzing economic growth (1220 знаков)

. Упр.11. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту и используйте их в качестве плана для рассказа о великом экономисте.

1. What was David Ricardo?

2. When and where was he born?

3. What family did he come from?

4. When did he go into his own business? Was it a success?

5. To what did he devote himself after retiring from business?

6. What was his major work?

7. Ricardo's works influenced the most famous economists, didn't they?

Занятие 13

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03