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Criminal Law

Переведите следующий текст письменно, используя словарь.

Перепишите следующие предложения, принимая во внимание правила согласования времен и бессоюзное подчинение. Переведите предложения на русский язык. При переводе обратите внимание на тот факт, что в русском языке правила согласования времен отсутствуют.

1. He wondered if someone might need a barrister in the High Court. 2. The man asked if a solicitor could appear for his client in the higher courts of justice. 3. He inquired what other ways were for a barrister if he didn't get briefs' to earn money. 4. He was interested to know when a barrister could ask to be made a Queen's Counsel, or Q.C.

Criminal law is categorized as a part of public law - the law regulating the relations between citizens and the state. Crimes can be thought of as acts which the state considers to be wrong and which can be punished by the state.

In many legal systems it is an important principle that a person cannot be considered guilty of a crime until the state proves he committed it. The suspect himself need not prove anything, although he will of course help himself if he can show evidence of his innocence. The state must prove his guilt according to high standards, for each crime there are precise elements which must be proven. In codified systems, these elements are usually recorded in statutes. In common law systems, the elements of some crimes are detailed in statutes; others, known as “common law crimes", are still described mostly in case law. Even where there is a precise statute, the case law interpreting the statute may be very important since the circumstances of each crime may be very different.

For example, the crime of theft is defined in England under the 1968 Theft act as: "dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it".

There are further definitions of each element of the definition, such as appriating, which may mean taking away, destroying, treating as your own, and selling. The same Act also defines in detail crimes such as burglary(entering someone’s land without permission intending to steal or commit an act of violence) and robbery (using force or threats in order to steal from someone). Although the Theft Act was intended to cover many possible circumstances, it is still often necessary for the courts to refer to case law in order to apply the Act to a new case.

ВАРИАНТ III

глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Например: are paid – Present Simple Passive. В разделе (B) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

А). 1. Governments usually require all individuals to conform to the laws they make. 2. Anne is practicing law now. 3. Trespassers will be prosecuted. 4. The government policy will depend upon the political and economic ideology adopted by the government. 5. Neither the government nor any official is above the law.

B). 1. My car has been stolen and abandoned. 2. These problems were being discussed by lawyers for many months. 3. Such criminal cases are usually tried by district courts 4. Appeals and protests against sentences and decisions of Courts of First Instance are examined by Counts of Second Instance. 5. The criminal case was decided according to the laws of the state. 6. The accused is guaranteed the right to defence.7. The verdict must be passed by the jury and the sentence must be passed by the judge.8. The hearing of the case will be postponed 9. The unlawful decision was appealed against by the procurator last week. 10. Penalties are imposed on guilty persons according to the law.

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03