Tasks and Questions

References

1. Beeching K. Gender, Politeness and Pragmatic Particles in French / K. Beeching. – Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002.

2. Brown P. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage / Penelope Brown, Stephen C. Levinson. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

3. Carter R. Language and Discourse Perspectives for Language Teaching / Ronald Carter, Michael McCarthy. – New York: Longman Publishing, 1994.

4. Coates J. Language and Gender: A Reader / Jennifer Coates. – Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1998.

5. Coulmas F. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics / Florian Coulmas. – Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1998.

6. Cutting J. Pragmatics and Discourse / J. Cutting. – London: Routledge, 2002.

7. Foley W. Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction / William Foley. – Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.

8. Goffman E. On Face-Work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction / Erving Goffman // Psychiatry: Journal of Interpersonal Relations. – 1955. – vol. 18 (3). – P. 213-231.

9. Grice P. H. Logic and Conversation / Paul H. Grice // Syntax and Semantics / [P. Cole, J. Morgan (eds.)]. – New York: Academic Press, 1975. – vol. 3.

10. Holmes J. Women, Men and Politeness / Janet Holmes. – London: Longman, 1995. – 254 p.

11. Ide S. Formal Forms and discernment: Two Neglected Aspects of Universals of Linguistic Politeness / S. Ide // Multilingua. – 1989. – vol. 8 (2/3). – P. 223-248.

12. Jemmy H. What is Politeness? I’ve Never Heard of It before, Can I Put It in my Mouth? / H. Jemmy. – Wigan: Pieperback Books, 2007.

13. Lakoff R. Language and Woman’s Place / R. Lakoff. – New York: Harper & Row, 1975.

14. Lakoff R. The Logic of Politeness; Or Minding your P’s and Q’s / R. Lakoff // Papers from the 9th Regional Meeting. Chicago Linguistics Society. – Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society, 1973.

15. Leech G. Principles of Pragmatics / Geoffrey Leech. – London: Longman, 1983.

16. Matsumoto Y. Reexamination of the Universality of Face: Politeness Phenomena in Japanese / Y. Matsumoto // Journal of Pragmatics. – 1988. – vol. 12. – P. 403-426.

17. Mills S. Gender and Politeness / Sara Mills. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

18. Schiffrin D. Approaches to Discourse / Deborah Schiffrin. – Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1994.

19. Thomas J. Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics / J. Thomas. – New York: Longman Group Ltd., 1995.

20. Watts R. J. Politeness / R. J. Watts. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

1. Define politeness and its types. What techniques and linguistic devices to show politeness can you name?

2. What is the essence of Y. Matsumoto’s criticism of the politeness theory?

3. Characterize face threatening acts. Give examples.

4. How do P. Brown and S. Levinson show the available range of verbal politeness strategies to redress loss of face?

5. Analyze G. Leech’s politeness maxims. In what way are they similar to conversational maxims formulated by P. Grice?

6. What sociological factors should we take into consideration when deciding whether and how to use the various strategies in real life situations?

7. Do you agree with P. Brown and S. Levinson that positive and negative faces exist universally in human culture? Why? Prove your answer.

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