IV. Compare different techniques of typesetting

I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.

1. At the end of the twentieth century type was still being set by hand.

2. Computerized filmsetters can produce more than two million characters per hour.

3. Typesetting in metal is no more used nowadays.

4. Photocomposition and desk-top publishing are very expensive techniques of plate-making.

5. Gutenberg invented portable type with characters and spaces.

6. In unjustified setting the spaces between the words of every line have different size.

7. The metal type can be used many times.

8. Mechanical typesetting is much faster than manual.

9. The system of setting mechanically in hot metal is called Monotype.

10. The Linotype and the Intertype machines use the same principle of typesetting.

II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:

1.typesetting a) відливання рядків

2.filmsetter b) палітурка

3.character c) форзац

4.desk-top publishing d) розбризкувати

5.Monotype e) нерівний

6.photocomposition f) мідна пластина

7.movable type g) плівка для форми офсетного друку

8.to cast h) лінотипія

9.to justify i) літера

10. unjustified setting j) відливна машина

11. ragged k) монотипія

12. linecasting l) робити виключку рядків

13. to squirt m) фотонабір

14. mould n) набір шрифта

15. caster o) набір без виключки рядків

16. brass matrice p) відбиток з набору для фоторепродукування

17. paperback q) відливати форму

18. reproduction proof r) матриця, відливна форма

19. litho film s) фотонабірна машина

20. Linotype t) настільна видавнича система

III. Fill the gaps using the following words:

Letterpress, matrices, letter, keyboard, origination,film, photocomposition, caster, justify, type, lines

1. At the end of the nineteenth century … was still being set by hand

2. The design, typesetting and many … operations can be carried out on a personal computer.

3. The … was introduced about 40 years ago.

4. Private printing hoses use … to print from metal type.

5. Photocomposition and desk-top publishing output … or disks

6. Pieces of metal were cast to carry a … of the alphabet on their face, and were assembled in … with metal spaces.

7. To … the lines means to create straight left and right edges on a page of type.

8. The Monotype system consists of a … which perforates a paper tape.

9. In the Intertype the keyboard and the … are combined in one machine.

10. A hot metal is then forced into the … to form a solid line of type.

V. Write a short summary of the following text:

Photocomposition

For the last 20 years, nearly all typesetting was done by photo­composition (also known as filmsetting or photosetting), The advent of desk-top publishing has meant that although the final output is often positive film produced on an imagesetter using photographic techniques, the preparation of the text and illustrations prior to output is much more sophisticated.

Early photocomposition systems copied hot-metal typesetting machines, so that the Monophoto system, for example, consisted of a keyboard identical to the Monotype keyboard, producing a perforated paper spool, which then controlled a filmsetting unit in which the individual characters were glass negatives located in a frame, The instructions in the perforated spool selected the characters, which were exposed onto film one at a time.

This was very slow by modern standards and subsequent photocomposition systems had characters in negative form on a glass disk spinning at high speed, followed by systems using a digitized cathode ray tube. The latest generation of photo­composition output devices produce the image by laser and these are also used to produce the output for desk-top publishing, although the most recent techniques go direct from disk to plate,

Photocomposition systems usually had a separate keyboard unit producing paper tape, magnetic tape or magnetic disk and the coded instructions were used to drive the output device.

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