E) complex of organs, vessels and nerves which are located between mediastinal pleura and fascia which covers chest and spine?

Topographical anatomy of mediastinun, pericardium and heart. Puncture of pericardium. Principles of the operations on heart and gullet.

E) puncture’s needle with rubber tube.

E) tube to which is fixed cut finger of glove.

25. Puncture of pleural cavity is executed with:

а) injection needle;

b) Deshan’s needle;

c) troacar;

d) puncture’s needle with mandrane;

26. What do you use for pushing the periosteum together from the anterior surface of the rib in sub-periosteal resection of it:

а) Farabef’s rasparator;

b) Duaen’s rasparator;

c) scalpel;

d) forceps;

e) wound-spreader?

27. It is operation of the resection lung because of its cancer. In what succession elements of roof are bound and cut:

а) artery, vein, bronchi;

b) bronchi, artery, vein;

c) vein, artery, bronchi;

d) bronchi, vein, artery;

e) artery, bronchi, vein?

28. From what anatomical formations does the process pass into abdominal cavity in mediastinitis:

а) pectoral-rib and transverse-rib interspaces;

b) pectoral-ribfissures;

c) diaphragm-rib fissures;

d) pectoral-scapular interspaces;

e) tendon’s centres of diaphragm?

29. Young woman has cancer of mammary gland. What operation is the most rational:

а) sectoral resection;

b) common mastectomy;

c) radical mastectomy;

d) limited sectoral resection;

e) resection of the tumour?

1. Patient has injury which penetrates into mediastinum. What is mediastinum:

а) serous cavity;

b) cavity which is limited with mediastinal pleura;

c) space between chest and spine;

d) complex of organs, vessels and nerves which are located between chest and spine;

2. Through what anatomical formation convectional frontal area is led to part anterior and posterior mediastinum:

а) anterior surface of trachea;

b) posterior surface of trachea;

c) anterior surface of the arch of aorta;

d) gullet;

e) posterior surface of the arch of aorta.

3. In what cellular space of mediastinum does the purulent process spread from retro-organ space of the neck:

а) retropectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retrogullet;

e) retrotracheal?

4. In what cellular space of mediastinum does the purulent process spread from the main neuro-vascular fascicle of the neck:

а) retropectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retro-gullet;

e) retro-tracheal.

5. Purulent process of what cellular space is located only in the posterior region of mediastinum:

а) retro-pectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retro-gullet;

e) retro-tracheal.

6. Purulent process of what cellular space of mediastinum is limited and doesn’t spread into other regions:

а) retro-pectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retro-gullet;

e) retro-tracheal.

7. Purulent process of what cellular space can simultaneously be in the anterior and posterior regions of mediastinum:

а) retro-pectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retro-gullet;

e) retro-tracheal.

8. On which vessel do you execute the operation in the anterior mediastinum:

а) ascending region of aorta;

b) descending region of aorta;

c) hemiazigous vein;

d) paired vein;

e) arch of aorta?

9. On which vessel do you execute the operation in the posterior mediastinum:

а) arch of aorta;

b) upper cave vein;

c) pericardial-diaphragm artery;

d) impair vein;

e) ascending aorta?

10. What nerve can be injured in the operation only in the anterior mediastinum:

а) diaphragm;

b) vagal;

c) sympathetic trunk;

d) large visceral nerve;

e) rotating laryngeal?

11. What nerve can be injured in the operation only in the posterior mediastinum:

а) vagal;

b) small visceral;

c) diaphragmal;

d) medial neck;

e) intra-rib?

12. What nerve can be injured in the operation in both regions of mediastinum:

а) vagal;

b) small visceral;

c) diaphragmal;

d) medial neck;

e) sympathetic trunk?

13. Necrotic zone in the infarction of myocardium is located on the anterior surface of the left atrium. What heart vessel is recovered by thrombus:

а) left crowned;

b) anterior intra-ventricle;

c) circumflex;

d) posterior intra-ventricle;

e) right crowned?

14. In what sinus of pericardium pathological liquid is gained in serous pericarditis:

а) oblique;

b) transverse;

c) anterior-inferior;

d) posterior-inferior;

e) anterior-posterior?

15. What structures aren’t involved into the process in encapsulated abscess in oblique sinus of the pericardium:

а) upper cave vein;

b) lower cave vein;

c) posterior wall of pericardium;

d) epicardium of the posterior surface of left atrium;

e) veins of lungs?

16. What structures which are covered with pericardium don’t form transverse sinus of the pericardium:

а) beginning of aorta;

b) lower cave vein;

c) right and left atrium, their auricles;

d) part of upper cave vein;

e) beginning of lung trunk?

17. What sinus is formed by foliums of pericardium:

а) anterior-inferior;

b) rib-daphragmal;

c) rib-mediastinal;

d) mediastinal- daphragmal;

e) right mesenterial?

18. What is the way of passage the catheter into the cavity of the heart in puncture the right subclavian vein:

а) through inner jugular, upper cave vein, left atrium;

b) through brachio-head, lower cave vein, right atrium;

c) through brachio-head, upper cave vein, left atrium;

d) through brachio-head, upper cave vein, right atrium;

e) through brachial, upper cave vein, right atrium?

19. After birth child has mix of arterial and venous blood. It is diagnosed unmalunion of arterial (bottal) duct. What vessels does this vessel connect:

а) descending aorta with lung trunk;

b) descending aorta with upper cave vein;

c) arch of aorta with lung trunk;

d) arch of aorta with lung vein;

e) ascending aorta with lung trunk?

20. Patient has exudative pericarditis. It is indicated puncture of pericardium. Notice point of its execution:

а) angle between rib arch and xiphoid sprout from the left;

b) in the region of apex push of heart;

c) in VII intra-rib 1 сm left from the left edge of the sternum;

d) in VII intra-rib 2 сm from the left edge of the sternum;

e) angle between rib arch and xiphoid sprout from the right.

21. Patient has penetrative injury of the heart. What stitch do you sew up right ventricle with:

а) knotted;

b) P-liked;

c) continuous twined;

d) tobacco-bag;

e) Z-liked?

22. How do you know that puncture of pericardium is wrong:

а) feeling resistance in the pericardium by needle;

b) feel of rhythmic oscillation of the needle together with pulse;

c) blood through the needle;

d) liquid through the pericardium;

e) everything is wrong?

23. Aneurism of what vessel can compress rotating nerve and cause wheeze:

а) upper cave vein;

b) lower cave vein;

c) arch of aorta;

d) descending aorta;

e) inner pectoral?

24. What method of operation is mostly used for treatment the coronary insufficiency:

а) aorto-coronary shunting;

b) mammary-coronary anastomosis;

c) intim-thromb-ectomy of coronary vessels;

d) omento-cardiopexy;

e) diaphragm-cardiopexy?

25. In what operations on the heart it isn’t reasonable to use the apparatus of artificial blood supply:

а) open comisurotomy;

b) in combined heart vices;

c) in unmalunion of bottal duct;

d) in plasty of valves;

e) in transplantation of the heart?

26. In what vices it is used plasty (replacing) of valves:

а) constriction of ostium of lung artery;

b) unmalunioned intra-ventricle membranes;

c) stenosis of mitral valve;

d) insufficiency of mitral aperture;

e) unmalunion intra-atrial membrane.

27. In what sinus of pericardium can you penetrate for leading the manipulation on lung artery:

а) oblique;

b) transverse;

c) anterior-inferior;

d) rib-diaphragmal;

e) diaphragm-mediastinal?

28. Necrotic zone in the infarction of myocardium is located on the anterior surface of the left ventricle. What heart vessel is recovered by thrombus:

а) left crowned;

b) anterior intra-ventricle;

c) circumflex;

d) posterior intra-ventricle;

e) right crowned.

29. What access is used in operations of lower department of esophagus:

а) longitudinal sternotomy;

b) lateral in the left VI-VII intra-rib space;

c) lateral in the right VI-VII intra-rib space;

d) lateral in the left IV-V intra-rib space?

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