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Classification classification
Semantic morphological Antonyms properconversivesabsolute or root young - old buy-sell good - bad large-little give —receive old —new husband - wife derivational complementaries appear - disappear male - female logical-illogical single - married Semantic field is a closely knit sector of vocabulary characterized by a common concept (e.g. in the semantic field of space we find nouns - expanse, extent, surface; verbs - to extend, to spread, to span; adjectives - spacious, roomy, vast, broad). The member of the semantic fields are not synonymous but all of them are joined together by some common semantic component. This component common to all the members of the field is sometimes described as the common denominator of meaning, like the concept of kinship, concept of colour, parts of the human body and so on. The basis of grouping in this case is not only linguistic but also extra-linguistic: the words are associated, because the things they name together and are closely connected in reality. Thematic (or ideographic) g roups of words joined together by common contextual associations within the framework of the sentence and reflect the interlinking of things and events in objective reality. Contextual association are formed as a result of regular co-occurrence of words in similar repeatedly used contexts. Thematic or ideographic groups are independent of classification into parts of speech. Words and expression are here classed not according to their lexico-grammatical meaning but strictly according to their signification, i.e. to the system of logical notions (e.g. tree - grow - green; sunshine - brightly - blue - skyj, Hyponymy is the semantic relationship of inclusion existing between elements of various levels. Thus, e.g. vehicle includes car, bus, taxi. The hyponymic relationship is the relationship between the meaning of the general and the individual terms. A hyperonym is a generic term which serves as the name of the general as distinguished from the names of the species-hyponyms. In other words the more specific term is called the hvponym. For instance, animal is a generic term as compared to the specific names wolf, dog, mouse (these are called equonyms). Dog, in its turn, may serve as a generic term for different breeds such as bull-dog, collie, poodle, etc. Lecture 3 (individual studying) Theme: Phraseology Plan: 1. Free word combination and phraseological word combination. The problem of 2. Different approaches to the classification of phraseological units: semantic, 3. Academician V.V.Vinogradov's classification of phraseological units. The
a) phraseological combinations; b) phraseological unities; c) phraseological fusions.
4. Stylistic aspect of phraseology. Polysemy and Synonymy of Phraseological 5. N.N.Amosova's concept of contextual analysis. Definition of fixed context. 6. S.V.Koonin's concept of phraseological units. Functional and semantic 7. Formal and functional classification. 8. Phraseological stability. 9. Proverbs, saying, familiar quotations and cliches. Literature: 1. Arnold I.V. The English Word. -M., 1986. -P. 165-174, 174-181. 2. Rayevska N.N. English Lexicology. - K., 1979. - P. 265-283. 3. Ginzburg R.S. A Course in Modern English Lexicology. - M., 1966. - P. 87-
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