Lecture 2

Find antonyms for the words given below.

Exercise 9.

Exercise 8.

Exercise 7.

Exercise 6.

Exercise 5.

Exercise 4.

Translate the following sentences. Find homonymes and define their types.

Exercise 3.

Fill in the blanks with a suitable paronym.

Exercise 2.

Neutral synonym from the list given below.

Define the stylistic colouring of the underlined words, substitute them with a

Exercise 1

1. Their discourse was interrupted. 2. He was dressed like a toff. 3. She passed away. 4. The old man kicked the bucket. 5. Where is Daddy? 6. Come on, let's put on steam. 7. Meet my better half. 8. He must have gone off his rocker. 11. Come down to brass tacks. 12. Jack took his departure. 13. Well, let's drift. 14. Somebody has nailed m y bag. 15. This is a case for a vet. 16. He is a joiner.

A doctor, to steal, to go, to leave, to go on, please, to put out, come to the point, to go out of one's mind, a wife, a father, to die, to talk, a gentleman, good company.

Campaign, company.

1. The election... in England lasts about a month. 2. It was Napoleon's last.... 3. When... stays too long, treat them like members of the family and they'll soon leave. 4. Misery loves.... 5. Come along for....6. Two are..., three are none. 7. The film... merged. 8. Don't talk about your diseases in....

1. Excuse my going first, I'll lead the way. 2. Lead is heavier than iron. 3. He tears up all letters. 4. Her eyes filled with tears. 5. In England the heir to the throne is referred to as the Prince of Wales. 6. Let's go out and have some fresh air. 7. It is not customary to shake hands in England. If the hostess or the host offers a hand, take it; a bow is sufficient for the rest. 8. The girl had a bow of red ribbon in her hair. 9. Mr. Newlywed: Did you see the button on my coat, darling? Mrs. Newlywed: No, love. I couldn't find the button, so I just sewed up the button hole. 10. Do not sow panic.

Classify the following pairs of antonyms given below:

slow - fast, post-war - pre-war, happiness - unhappiness, above - below, asleep -awake, appear - disappear, late - early, ugly - beautiful, spend - save.

Find absolute synonyms:

a) appear - emerge;

b) look-seem;

c) compounding - composition;

d) border - frontier.

Find ideographic synonyms:

a) interpreter - translator;

b) luce-pike;

c) commence - begin;

d) deceased - dead.

Find stylistic synonyms:

a) speak-say;

b) happy-lucky;

c) screech - shriek;

d) doctor-doc.

Find absolute antonyms:

a) soft-harsh;

b) long-short;

c) fruitful - fruitless;

d) forget - remember.

good - to give -

deep — strong -

narrow - to laugh -

clever - joy -

young ~ evil -

to love - up -

to reject - slowly -

black - sad -

to die - to open -

clean - darkness -

Theme: English vocabulary as a System.

Plan:

1. Definition of the term "synonym". A synonymic group and its dominant
member.

2. Problem of classification of synonyms:

a) different principles of classification: according to difference in denotational
component of meaning or in connotational component (ideographic or
stylistic synonyms);

b) according to the criterion of interchangeability in linguistic context (relative,
total and contextual synonyms).

3. Characteristic pattern of English synonyms.

4. The sources of synonymy.

5. Homonyms. Classification. Origin of homonyms.

6. The English vocabulary as an adaptive system. Neologisms.

7. Traditional lexicological grouping. Lexico-grammatical groups. Word-families.
8* The concept of polarity of meaning. Antonyms. Morphological classification of

antonyms: absolute or root antonyms and derivational antonyms. Semantic classification of antonyms: antonyms proper, complementaries, conversives.

9. The theory of the semantic field. Common semantic denominator.

lO.Thematic or ideographic groups. Common contextual associations.

ll.Hyponymy, paradigmatic relation of inclusion. Hyponyms, hyperonyms, equonyms.

Literature:

1. I.V. Arnold. English Word. M. 1986, pp. 194-206, 216-229.

2. Д.І.Квеселевич, В.П. Сасіна. Практикум з лексикології сучасної
англійської мови. - Житомир, 2000. - стр.54-88.

3. З.А.Харитончик. Лексикология английского языка. - Минск, 1992. - с.89-
105.

4. Rayevska N.N. English Lexicology. - К., 1979. - p.200-203.

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