Mission to Mars

Task 4. Before reading, match the words with their definitions.

Task 3. Discuss in pairs

Task 1. Questions

Do you know who Stephen Hawking is?

Do you think people will destroy the Earth one day? How will that happen?

Do you believe that people may die out just like dinosaurs?

Is it now possible for people to move to another planet?

Task 2. Listen to OR watch a video of an interview with Stephen Hawking* recorded on March 7, 2008 and answer the following questions.

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* Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author. Despite being almost completely paralyzed and communicating through a speech generating device, Hawking remains one of the world's foremost theoretical physicists and has contributed greatly to our understanding of the universe.

Questions:

1. What is going to be the greatest achievement of scientists since the Theory of Relativity?

2. What does Stephen Hawking worry about?

a) about the future of the Universe because it can explode one day

b) about the life on Earth because people can destroy themselves

c) about the future of the Universe because it will continue to grow forever

d) about the life of the human race because there wouldn’t be enough resources on Earth

3. What does human survival depend on?

4. What should people do by the end of this century?

a) invent the Theory of Everything and it will make life easier

b) find another place to live beside Earth

5. What is the problem that people are not solving efficiently nowadays?

a) inventing the Theory of Everything

b) climate change

c) finding life on Mars

d) researching the Dark matter and energy

6. Does Stephen Hawking believe that people are going to survive?

Reading and Speaking 3

Would you like to travel in space?

Do you believe that people can inhabit other planets in the future?

Can you imagine leaving Earth forever to live on another planet?

a crew	occurring before or in preparation
preliminary	the owner or manager of a business
feasible	a vehicle used for exploring the surface of a moon, planet, etc.
a rover	the amount of goods or material that is carried by a vehicle
an entrepreneur	being good, appropriate or relevant for a specific purpose
to expose	to leave (something) without covering or protection
payload	to consist of
applicable	a group of people assigned to a particular job or type of work
to be comprised of	possible, probable

Many people have been thinking of a manned mission to Mars as the next logical step after lunar exploration.

Preliminary work for missions has been undertaken since the 1950s and over the last century, a number of mission concepts for such an expedition have been proposed. For example, in 2011 Russian and European space agencies successfully completed the ground-based MARS-500, the biomedical experiment simulating manned flight to Mars.

In 2012, a Dutch entrepreneur group revealed plans of a fund-raising campaign for a human Mars base to begin in 2023. In other words, Mars One's goal is to establish a human settlement on Mars for exploring, working and living there. However, it would be a "one-way" mission, i.e.*, there will be no return trip to Earth. Astronaut applications were invited from the ordinary people all over the world. The search for astronauts began in April 2013. More than 200,000 registered for the first selection program. Mars One will select and train the human crew for settlement.

The mission is comprised of the following primary hardware components.

Launcher. Several rocket launches will be needed to take payloads into Earth orbit and then onto Mars. Payload may be satellites, rovers, cargo or humans.

Mars Transit Vehicle. Human crew will travel through space for around seven months. On reaching Mars the crew in their Marssuits will descend to the surface in the landing module.

Rovers. Two Rovers will be sent to Mars to set up the outpost before the humans arrive. One of them will explore the surface of Mars in search of the most suitable location for the settlement.

Mars Suit. All astronauts must wear their Marssuits when exposed to the Mars atmosphere. Marssuits protect astronauts from extreme temperatures, the very thin, non-breathable atmosphere, and otherwise harmful radiation.

Communications System. The communications system will consist of two communications satellites and Earth ground stations. It will transmit data from Mars to Earth and back.

Mars Landing capsule. Mars One Landers will be equipped to perform different functions as carrying Life Support Units (that generate energy, water and breathable air for the settlement), Supply Unit (with food, solar panels, spare parts and other components), Living Units, Humans to the surface of Mars, Rovers to the surface of Mars.

While being complex, the Mars One Mission is feasible. The science and technology required to place humans on Mars exists today. Much of what was learned from Skylab, Mir and the International Space Station has resulted in vital data, experiences with systems and related know-how – all of which are applicable to living on Mars.

Mars is the stepping stone of the human race on its voyage into the universe. Human settlement on Mars will increase our understanding of the origins of the solar system, the origins of life and our place in the universe. As with the Apollo Moon landings, a human mission to Mars will inspire generations to believe that all things are possible, anything can be achieved.

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* i.e. /ai i:/ = abbreviation for id est (Latin for that is; in other words)

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