Vocabulary List. Study the words and expressions and give their Russian translation

Study the words and expressions and give their Russian translation.

1) payroll n (a) a list of people employed by a company and the amount of

money to be paid to each of them: a firm with 500 employees

on the payroll (ie that employs 500 people)

(b) the total amount of wages and salaries paid to the employees

of a company

2) workforce n the total number of workers who are employed in a company or

factory, or who are available for work: a workforce of 3500

Compare: staff n all the workers employed in an organization, esp a teaching or

business organization: The school’s staff is/are excellent // I

have a staff of 15 // It’s good to have you on our/the staff

3) shift n 1) (in sth) a change of place, position, direction or tendency:

a shift in the direction of the wind // shifts in public opinion

2) (a) a period of time worked by a group of workers who start

work as another group finishes: be on the day/night shift at the

factory // work an eight-hour shift // working in shifts

(b) the workers in such a group: The night shift arrives/arrive at

six o’clock

shift v 1) to change in position or direction; move from one place to

another: He shifted impatiently in his seat during the speech //

Don’t try to shift the blame onto me!

2) BrE to get rid of or remove: a new washing powder that will

shift any stain

3) BrE infml to move very fast: That motorbike was really

shifting!

4) well-adjusted adj (of a person) fitting in well with society and being

emotionally healthy

5) market-place, the n [sing] the system of buying and selling goods under

competitive conditions: Companies must be able to compete/

survive in the market-place // the market-place of higher

education

FOLLOW UP: Look up the following words and expressions: come on(to) the market; in the market for sth; on the (open) market; a buyer’s market; a seller’s market; black market; flea market; market economy; market forces; market leader; market maker; market niche; market share; market price; market value; market research; marketing

6) white-collar adj of or being people who work in offices or at professional

jobs, rather than doing hard or dirty work with their hands

(= blue-collar): white-collar workers // white-collar jobs/unions

Compare:

pink-collar adj esp AmE of or concerning jobs of fairly low rank such as those

of secretaries, waitresses, typists, clerks, etc that are usu taken

by women

6) execute v 1) fml to do what one is asked or told to do: execute sb’s

commands // execute a plan/a piece of work

2) to kill sb as a lawful punishment: execute suspected rebels //

He was executed for murder

executive adj 1) concerned with making and carrying out decisions, esp in

business: executive duties // a woman of considerable executive

ability

2) having the power to carry out government decisions and laws

executive n a person in an executive position, esp in business: a young

advertising executive // an executive briefcase/suite/car/jet

7) dispensable adj not necessary: His work’s good, but he is dispensable.

Opposite:

indispensable adj (to sb/sth) (for sth / doing sth) absolutely essential

8) consumer n a person who buys goods or uses services: electricity consumers

//consumer demand/rights/protection

consumerism n (esp derog) the belief that a society or individual benefits from

using a large quantity of goods and services

consumerist adj a consumerist attitude/culture

consume v to use sth: consume time/resourses/stores/services

consuming adj that takes all sb’s time, energy, interest, etc: time-consuming

9) boost n 1) an increase in sth: a boost in sales, exports, etc

2) help or encouragement: give the economy/the pound a

welcome boost

boost v to help or encourage sb/sth: boost imports/share prices/the

dollar // boost production

booster n a thing that helps or encourages sth: a morale booster

10) entitlement n (to sth) a right to have or do sth: leave entitlements

11) put/place a premium on sb/sth to consider sb/sth particularly valuable or

important

12) frustrating adj annoying; discouraging

frustrate v 1) to prevent sb from doing or achieving sth; to defeat sb:

frustrate one’s political opponents

2) to upset or discourage sb: frustrating delay

frustrated adj 1) (at/with sth) discouraged; not satisfied: frustrated at/with

the lack of progress

2) unable to be successful in one’s chosen career

frustration n Life is full of frustrations.

13) retail n the practice of selling goods in small quantities to the general

public: the retail of goods // a retail outlet (=shop) // retail

business/traders

Compare:

wholesale n the selling of goods, esp in large quantities, to shopkeepers for

them to sell to the public: the wholesale market // wholesale

prices

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