The New Achievers

Better Communicators

More Sensitive

The Roddick Phenomenon

The Glass Ceiling Syndrome

Is it just a case of women whose career progress has been blocked by their male colleagues - the so-called 'glass ceiling syndrome' - being forced to set up their own businesses? Or do women share specific management qualities which somehow serve them better in self-employment? As many as 40% of start-ups fold within their first two years, but the failure rate of those run by women is substantially lower than that. It's hardly surprising, therefore, that though male bosses tend to be reluctant to promote women, male bank managers seem only too happy to finance their businesses.

Anita Roddick, founder of the Body Shop empire, is the perfect example of the female entrepreneur with her company growing from zero to £470 million in its first fifteen years. Perhaps the secret of her success was caution. Rather than push ahead with the purchasing of new shops, Roddick got herself into franchising - the cheapest way to expand a business whilst keeping overheads down. Caution, for^-ward planning and tight budgeting seem to be more female characteristics than male. They are also the blueprint for success when launching a new company.

When women join an existing company, it's a different story. Less ruthlessly individualistic in their approach to business, women are more sensitive to the feelings of the group or team in which they work. They are generally more cooperative than competitive, less assertive, less prepared to lead from the front. Though they usually manage their time better than men and may even work harder, they are much less likely than their male counterparts to take risks. And, above all, it is risk-taking that makes corporate high-fliers. As one male director put it: "I'm not paid to make the right decisions. I'm just paid to make decisions".

It's an overgeneralization. of course, but it remains true that men will more readily take the initiative than women. The female style of management leans towards consensus and conciliation. Women seem to be better conmunicators than men - both more articulate and better listeners. And perhaps it is women's capacity to listen which makes them particularly effective in people-oriented areas of business. In any mixed group of business people the ones doing most of the talking will almost certainly be the men. But perhaps only the women will really be listening.

And, as companies change from large hierarchical structures to smaller more flexible organizations, the communication skills and supportive approach of women are likely to become more valued. It was predominantly men who profited from 'the materialistic 80s', the age of the achiever. But it will be women who achieve the most in 'the caring 90s' and beyond.

Ex.4.18. Find in the text above the English for the following:

1) одно из трёх предприятий; 2) самозанятость; 3) сорок процентов новых предприятий сворачиваются в течение первых двух лет; 4) руководители-мужчины не очень-то охотно выдвигают женщин; 5) яркий пример женщины-предпринимателя; 6) накладные расходы; 7) программа успеха; 8) конкурентоспособный; 9) напористый, настойчивый; 10) рисковать; 11) честолюбец; 12) согласие и примирение; 13) чётко сформулированный; 14) иерархическая структура; 15) относиться с пониманием и поддержкой; 16) проявлять инициативу; 17) «гуманные 90-е».

Ex.4.19. Match each of the words on the left with a word on the right and translate the phrases. There are some alternatives but there's only one way to match all nine.

l) senior a. budgeting

2) career b. structures

3) forward c. taking

4) tight d. progress

5) risk e. organizations

6) high f. positions

7) hierarchical g. skills

8) flexible h. planning

9) communication i. fliers

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