Economics and ecology

Summarizing.

Complete the following sentences to summarize the text above:

1. Developing countries believe that free trade causes …

2. Many developing countries adopted… in the 1950s and 1960s.

3. The results of theseprotectionist policies were…

4. In recent years, many less developed countries have moved towards …

5. Despite the advantages of export-orientated trade policies, developing countries face…

8Viewpoint:

Are you also of the opinion that free trade leads to unemployment in developing countries?

  Lead-in: Are you concerned about pollution and environment? Key words and phrases 1. natural environment – навколишнє середовище 2. consumption –споживання, витрачання 3. non-renewable resources –ресурси, що не підлягають відновлюванню 4. environmentally-conscious –той, що захищає навколишнє середовище 5. to prevent –запобігати, перешкоджати 6. to abolish environmental restrictions –знищувати природоохоронні обмеження 7. to strengthen restrictions –зміцнювати обмеження 8. to recycle –переробляти, використовувати повторно 9. taxes on sources of energy –податкі на джерела енергії  

In recent years ecologists have been very much concerned about the protection of the natural environment, about the consumption of non-renewable resources, the creation of waste, and the pollution of land, sea and air. After reading the following text discuss how ‘green’ or environmentally conscious you are. Answer the following questions with Yes (because…), No (because…), or It depends on….

1. Do you believe that governments should do more to prevent manufacturers polluting or damaging the environment?

2. Are you prepared to pay a higher price for products that you know are not dangerous for the environment?

3. Have you ever stopped using a product because you know that it is damaging for the environment?

4. Do you think environmental restrictions on industry should be abolished or relaxed because it leads to the creation of jobs?

5. Do you think environmental restrictions should be strengthened even if it leads to unemployment?

6. Do you make an effort to recycle these?

* paper

* aluminium drink cans

* batteries

* vegetable waste

* glass bottles

* plastic bottles

* anything else

7. Do you use public transport (or a bicycle) wherever possible?

8. Do you make an effort to use as little water and energy (electricity, heating, etc.) as possible?

9. Do you believe that there should be higher taxes on sources of energy?

Clichés and useful phrases

for annotations:

1. It is described in short…

2. It is shown that…

3. … is analysed.

4. …is examined.

5. Attention is drawn to…

6. Data are given about…

7. Attempts are made to analyse…

8. Attempts are made to formulate…

9. Conclusions are drawn…

10. Recommendations are given…

for abstracts:

1.The article (text) is head-lined…

2. The author of the article (text) is…

3. The main idea of the article (text) is…

The article is about…

The article deals with…

The article touches upon…

The article presents some results which illustrate...

4. The purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on…;

to compare…; to determine…

The aim of the article is to provide the reader with…

5. The author starts by telling the readers about (that)…

6. The author writes (states, stresses, thinks, points out) that…

The article describes…

According to the article (text)…

The article goes on to say that…

7. The article can be divided into 3 (4-5) parts.

The first part deals with…

The second part is about…

The third part touches upon…

8. In conclusion the article reads…

The author comes to the conclusion that…

9. I found the article (text) interesting (important, up-to-date, informative).

Ділова кореспонденція

BUSINESS WRITING
BUSINESS WRITING

LETTERS

A standard UK business letter has a particular layout, though there may be slight variations. The outline below is typical of a standard business letter. This letter accompanies a tourist information brochure.

ISLE OF SKYETOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE   14 Broadway Skye Scotland		Our ref.LB/SKI----------1   Your ref.SK 1406--------2
Ms L Haakinen--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 19 Kante 1 Helsinki Finland
		17 May 2000--------------4
Dear Ms Haakinen ------------------------------------------------------------------------5 ‘Where to stay on Sky’ brochure-----------------------------------------------------6 Thank you for your letter of 10 May, asking for details of accommodation on the island.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 I have enclosed a copy of the ‘Where to stay on Skye’ brochure which contains information about the hotel and bed & breakfast accommodation. You can book the accommodation directly by using the address/telephone numbers in the brochure. Skye is a very beautiful place, and I hope you decide to spend some time discovering it for yourself. Yours sincerely ----------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Pete Sinclair ----------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Pete Sinclair Tourism Manager-------------------------------------------------------------------------10 enc. ‘Where to stay’ brochure----------------------------------------------------------11

Дата добавления: 2014-12-24