Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения

Обратите внимание на соответствие некоторых предложных оборотов русским падежным формам:

of — родительный

•the leg of the table — ножка стола

to — дательный

•explain to me — объясните мне

Упражнение 152

Переведите на английский язык.

1. В прошлое воскресенье мы встали на рассве­те и к семи часам были готовы идти. В десять ми­нут восьмого мы отправились. Мы пошли на авто­бусную остановку. На остановке было мало наро­ду: в воскресенье люди не любят вставать на рас­свете. Автобус подошел к остановке через десять

Упражнение 153

Вставьте предлоги to или of.

1. The young scientist was trying to prove... the professor the necessity... the experiment. 2. Lon­don is the capital... Great Britain. 3. The embank­ments... the Neva are faced with granite. 4. It is clear... me that you don't know your lesson. 5. He was devoted... his friend. 6.1 explained... the teach­er that by the end... the leseon I had not finished

122 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Предлоги 123

the translation... the text and that's why I had not handed it... him. The surprise... the teacher was great. My explanation seemed strange... the teach­er. 7. He bought a book... English poems and gave it... his sister. 8. I wrote... him asking to send me a box... chocolates. 9. The roof... the house is very old. 10. There is a monument... Pushkin in Arts Square. 11.Would you like to try a piece... lemon pie? 12. He was standing outside the door... his house and explaining... the mechanic what was wrong with his car. 13. He gave her a big bunch... beautiful flowers. 14. I sent a letter... my friend.

15. The streets... St. Petersburg are straight.

16. Many pages... this book are torn.

Сочетания существительных с предлогами with и by соответствуют русскому творительному падежу.

Не путайте употребление этих предлогов:

with обозначает орудие (чем произведено дей­ствие)

by обозначает деятеля (кто совершил действие)

• with a knife — ножом

• by my brother — братом

Упражнение 154

Вставьте предлоги with или by.

1. Не was taken to hospital... an ambulance. 2. He was treated... very effective drugs. 3. He was cured... a very skilful doctor. 4. He wrote his letter... a pencil. 5. He was scolded... his mother. 6. The boy cut his finger... a knife. 7. The boat was car­ried... the waves into the open sea. 8. The teacher was pleased... our work. 9. America was discovered... Columbus. 10. "Hamlet" was written... Shakes­peare. 11. We eat soup... a spoon. 12. He was killed

... a knife. 13. He was killed... the robbers. 14. He was knocked down... a big stick. 15. He was knocked down... a car.

Запомните употребление предлогов со следующими глаголами и выражениями:

They waited for me. — Они ждали меня. They looked at me. — Они смотрели на меня. They spoke to me. — Они говорили со мной. They listened to me. — Они слушали меня. They laughed at me. — Они смеялись надо мной. They complained of illnesses. — Они жаловались на

болезни. They complained about² me. — Они жаловались на меня They were afraid of me. — Они боялись меня. They answered s my question. — Они ответили на

мой вопрос. They entered s the room. — Они вошли в комнату. They turned ^ the corner. — Они повернули за угол.

Упражнение 155

Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо.

1. We tried to speak... him, but he did not want to listen... us. He did not even look... us and did not answer... our questions. 2. Your brother com­plains... you. He says you always laugh... him, nev­er speak... him and never answer... his questions. 3. When I entered... the room, everybody looked...

1. Complain p_f употребляется при жалобах на боли или бо­лезни.

2. Complain about — в остальных случаях. См. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture, p. 256:1) He went to the doctor complaining of difficulty in breathing. 2) They complained bitterly about the injustice of the system.

124 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Предлоги

me with surprise: they had not expected... me. 4. At the end... the street she turned... the corner, walked... the bus stop and began waiting... the bus. 5. My mother is afraid... rats. 6. "What do you complain...?" asked the doctor. 7. Don't enter... the room. 8. What are you laughing...? 9. They did not want to listen... me. 10. Wait... me. I'll be back... a few minutes. 11. Yesterday the teacher spoke... us about the architecture... St. Petersburg. 12. My grand­mother often complains... headache. 13. I am sor­ry, I cannot speak... you now, the professor is wait­ing... me. I must go... the institute and explain... him some details... our work. Come... the evening, I shall listen... you very attentively and answer... all your questions. 14. Turn... the corner... the house and look... the flowers grown... my mother: aren't they beautiful? 15. He was an excellent pu­pil, and the teachers never complained... him. 16. She complained... feeling bad and could not an­swer... the questions... the teacher. 17.... nine o'clock the lecturer entered... the hall, walked up... the table, put his bag... it, looked... everybody and began his lecture. The lecture, as all the lectures... this professor, was very interesting, and the stu­dents listened... him with great attention.

Обратите	внимание на способы	перевода русско-
го предлога через:
через час —	in an hour
через дорогу	— across the road
через поле -	- across the field
через лес —	through the wood
через реку (вброд, вплавь, на лодке) —
		across	the	river
через реку (по мосту, по воздуху)	— over	the	river
через забор	— over the fence

Обратите внимание на способы перевода русско-
го предлога по:
по	улице —	- along (down) the street
по	реке —	down (up) the river
по	морю —	across the sea
по	городу -	— about the town
по	комнате	— about the room
по	коридору — along the corridor
по	стране -	— about the country

Упражнение 156

Переведите на английский язык, обращая внима­ние на способы перевода предлогов через и по.

1. Пройдите по этому коридору, заверните за угол в конце коридора и войдите в первую комна­ту. 2. Через пять минут все сидели за столом и слушали бабушку. 3. Он смотрел на лодки, плы­вущие по реке. 4. В прошлом году мы путешество­вали по Европе. 5. Он шел по улице и смотрел на лица прохожих. 6. Собака подбежала к реке, прыгнула в воду, переплыла реку и вбежала в лес. 7. Он перешел дорогу и вошел в кафе. 8. Она хо­дила по комнате. 9. Они плавали по южным мо­рям. 10. Иди по этой дорожке через поле и через лес, и через два-три часа ты подойдешь к реке. 11. Они гуляли по городу с рассвета до заката, го­ворили со многими людьми, смотрели на прекрас­ные дворцы и памятники. Вечером они вернулись в гостиницу усталые, но довольные. 12. Том Сойер перепрыгнул через забор и побежал по улице. Че­рез несколько секунд он повернул за угол и исчез.

Употребление времен

Дата добавления: 2014-12-24