The Military History of the United States

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Познакомьтесь с переводом следующих слов.

1. to prove – доказывать;

2. to bog – увязнуть;

3. anticipation – ожидание;

4. milestone – краеугольный камень.

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A. By the end of the century America was rapidly becoming a new superpower. The military fought the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War, along with several Latin American interventions, and Teddy Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet around the world in a display of American power. In addition, the Militia Act of 1903 established the National Guard.

B. In the 1980s, the U.S. military fought Operation Just Cause in Panama and Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada. In addition, the Goldwater-Nichols Act completely reorganized the military. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1991, the United States entered the Persian Gulf War. The military forces of the U.S. and other nations easily defeated the Iraqi Army with minimal losses, proving the combat readiness of the new all-volunteer military.

C. Between the founding of the nation and the Civil War, American military forces fought and won against Barbary Coast pirates; fought the War
of 1812 against the British, which ended in the status quo; and won several southwestern territories from the Mexicans in the Mexican-American War.
In 1861, with the beginning of the Civil War, many military forces, including the nation’s best generals, became part of the Confederate military, and
both armies fought a long, bloody struggle which ended in Union (U.S.) victory in 1865.

D. Prior to and during the founding of the United States, military forces were supplied by untrained militia commanded by the states. When the Continental Congress first ordered a Continental Army to be formed, it was to be made up of militia from the states. That army, under the command of General George Washington, won the Revolutionary War. However, it soon became obvious that a standing army and navy were required. The United States Navy began when Congress ordered several frigates in 1794, and a standing army was created, however it was still only minimal.

E. After the September 11^th terrorist attacks in 2001, U.S. military forces were an integral part of the War on Terror. U.S. and NATO forces invaded Afghanistan in 2001, and in 2003 the U.S. and several other countries invaded Iraq. While the initial invasion was successful, the occupation quickly bogged down, with daily violence and terrorist attacks. However, some milestones have been reached, such as the capture and execution of Saddam Hussein and democratic elections.

F. During the World War II U.S. Army troops were a large component of the forces that took North Africa, Italy, and landed in France at D-Day, and U.S. Navy, Marine, and Army troops were heavily involved in Pacific campaign against Japan and its allies.

G. The end of the World War II was the start of the Cold War, a large struggle between the United States and its NATO Allies and the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies. Thousands of U.S. troops were deployed to Europe in anticipation of a struggle that never came. However, U.S. troops did participate in wars in Korea and Vietnam. The Korean War, with North Korea and China against South Korea, the U.S., and other UN troops, returned to the status quo. The Vietnam War between North Vietnam and South Vietnam and the U.S. was a failure.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-25