В английском языке годы обозначаются количественными числительными следующим образом: 1900 — nineteen hundred
1805 — eighteen five (eighteen hundred and five; eighteen hundred о [ou] five) 1917 — nineteen seventeen
20th May, 1964 — the twentieth of May, nineteen sixty-four
May 20, 1964 — May the twentieth, nineteen sixty-four
1.
Простые дроби
Десятичные дроби
1/2 a (one) half
1/4 a (one) quarter, a (one) fourth 1/6 one-sixth
2/5 two-fifth
2 6/7 two and six-seventh
0.5 point five
0.05 point nought five
2.53 two point five three
25.4 twenty five point four 5.125 five point one two five
2.
3.
Проценты обозначаются следующим образом:
2% — two per cent
Каждая цифра телефонного номера произносится отдельно. Цифра 0 читается как алфавитная буква О [ou]: 204-75-89 — two о four seven five eight nine
Appendix 2
Pronouns (Местоимения)
Personal Pronouns
Личные местоимения
Personal Pronouns.
Личные местоимения, отвечают на вопросы кто?что?(Who?What?), в предложении
могут быть только подлежащими
Objective Pronouns.
Объектные
местоимения,
отвечают на вопросы косвенных падеж.: кому? о ком? с кем? кого?и т.д.
Possessive
Pronouns.
Притяжательные местоимения присоединительные, (за ними всегда следует сущ.), отвечают на вопрос чей? (Whose?)
неопр. форма one’s
Absolute Possesive
Pronouns.
Притяжательные местоимения абсолютные(за ними не следует сущ),
отвечают на вопрос чей? (Whose?)
неопр. форма one’s
It
он, она, оно
(животн. и неодуш. предметы в ед. ч.: a book=it, a cat=it)
it
его, ему
её, ей
its leaves
(the leaves of the tree)
его, её
its
его, её
itself
They
они
(одуш. и неодуш. предметы во мн. ч.: books=they, students=they)
them
их, им, ними
theirfriend
их
a friend of theirs
их
themselves
Demonstrative Pronouns
Указательные местоимения
Ед. число
Мн.
число
Ед. число
this(этот, эта, это)
this week, this year, this file, this method, this child
that (тот, та, то)
that week, that year, that file, that method, that child
Мн.
число
these(эти)
these weeks, these years, these files, these methods, these children
those (те)
those weeks, those years, those files, those methods, those children
Обозначают то, что ближе к говорящему во времени и пространстве
Обозначают то, что дальше от говорящего во времени и пространстве
Appendix 3
Таблица времен:
Active voice.
Present
IndefiniteInfinitiveusually
I (we, you, they) speak. He (she, it) speaks.
Do you (I, we, they) speak?
Does he (she, it) speak?
I (you, we, they) don’t speak.
He (she, it) doesn't speak.
Continuousam, is, are + P. 1now
I am speaking.
He (she, it) is speaking.
You (we, they) are speaking.
Are you (we, they) speaking?
I am not speaking.
Perfecthave, has+P.2(3форма)already, yet, ever,never, just, for,since, today, this month
I (you, we, they) have spoken.
Has he (she, it) spoken?
I (you, we, they) have not spoken.
Perfect continuoushave, has been + P.1 since, for,How long?
I (you, we, they) have been speaking.
Have you (I, we, they) been speaking?
He (she, it) hasn't been speaking.
Past
-ed, 2 формаWhen?Yesterday, ago, last
I spoke.
Did you speak?
I didn't speak.
Was, were + P. 1at 2 o'clock yesterday
I (he, she, it) was speaking.
Were you (we, they) speaking?
I (he, she, it) wasn't speaking.
Had + P. 2by 2 o'clock yesterday
I had spoken.
Had you spoken?
I hadn't spoken.
Had been + P.1for 2 hours yesterday
I had been speaking.
Had you been speaking?
I hadn't been speaking.
Future
will + 1 formtomorrow, next day
I (we) will speak.
You will speak.
Will you speak?
I will not (won't) speak.
will be + P. 1at 2 o'clock tomorrow
I will be speaking.
Will you be speaking?
I won't be speaking.
will + have, have+P. 2by 2 o'clock tomorrow
I will have spoken.
Will he have spoken.
He won't have spoken.
Will + have, have been + P. 1for 2 hours tomorrow
I will have been speaking.
Will he have been speaking.
He won't have been speaking.
Future-
in-the
Past
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would speak.
Would you speak?
I wouldn't speak.
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would be speaking.
Would you be speaking?
I wouldn't be speaking.
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would have spoken.
Would he have spoken?
I wouldn't have spoken.
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would have been speaking.
Would he have been speaking?
I wouldn't have been speaking.
Passive voice.(To be+P.2[3форма])
Present
I am asked.
Are you (we, they) asked?
He (she, it) isn’t asked
I am being asked.
Are you (we, they) being asked?
He (she, it) isn't being asked.
I (we, you, they) have been asked.
Has he (she, it) been asked?
I (we, you, they) haven't been asked.
Past
I (he, she, it) was asked.
Was he (she, it) asked?
We (you, they) weren't asked.
I (he, she, it) was being asked.
Were you (we, they) being asked?
He (she, it) wasn't being asked.
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) had been asked.
Had you been asked?
He hadn't been asked.
Future
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) will be asked.
Will you be asked?
We won't be asked.
You will have been asked.
Will he have been asked?
I won't have been asked.
Future in-the past
I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would be asked.
Would you be asked?
I wouldn't be asked.
I would have been asked.
Would you have been asked?
He wouldn't have been asked.
Т аблица неправильных глаголов английского языка
AE - American English, BE – British English
infinitive
(первая форма глагола)
past
(вторая форма глагола)
past participle
(третья форма глагола)
перевод на русский (translation into Russian)
abide
abided
abided
regular verb переносить тяготы...
abide
abided, abode
abided, abode
also irregular только в значении "находиться где-либо"
alight
alighted, alit
alighted, alit
выходить из экипажа; спешиваться; садиться на землю или ветви (о птицах), приземляться; archaic находить, обнаруживать случайно
arise
arose
arisen
появляться, подниматься, возникать
awake
awakened, awoke, awaked
awakened, awoken, awaked
formal будить; просыпаться
awaken
awakened
awakened
regular verb formal пробуждать(ся)
backbite
backbit
backbitten
клеветать, злословить
backslide
backslid
backslidden, backslid
отказываться от убеждений; возвращаться к порокам
be (is, are, am)
was, were
been
быть
bear
bore
borne
passive: born
нести; formal рожать
beat
beat
beaten, beat
бить
become
became
become
становиться кем-либо/чем-либо
befall
befell
befallen
archaic, 3rd person only случаться, происходить
beget
begot; archaic begat
begotten
dated / formal порождать, быть причиной; archaic быть отцом
begin
began
begun
начинать(ся)
begird
begirt
begirt
окружать, опоясывать
behold
beheld
beheld
archaic смотреть, взирать
bend
bent
bent
гнуть(ся), изгибать
bereave
bereaved, bereft
bereaved, bereft
passive formal терять близких
beseech
besought, beseeched
besought, beseeched
formal умолять, упрашивать
beset
beset
beset
formal passive докучать, окружать, осаждать
bespit
bespat
bespat
dated оплевывать, осквернять
bestrew
bestrewed
bestrewn, bestrewed
покрывать слоем (опавших листьев и т.п.); лежать вразброс dated раскидывать, образуя слой ч-либо
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